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If you use GNOME for the graphical interface, see here: Centos7 installation and configuration of VNC server-GNOME
If you use Xfce for the graphical interface, see here: Centos7 installation and configuration of VNC server-Xfce
Introduction to VNC
VNC (Virtual Network Computing), is a screen sharing and remote operation software using RFB protocol. This software can send keyboard and mouse actions and real-time screen images through the network.
VNC has nothing to do with the operating system, so it can be used across platforms. For example, you can connect to a Linux computer with Windows, and vice versa. Even in a computer that does not have a client program installed, it can be used as long as there is a browser that supports JAVA.
VNC was developed by the Olivetti & Oracle research room, which was merged into the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1999. AT&T suspended the operation of this laboratory in 2002 and released VNC under GPL.
Because it is free and can be used in a large number of different operating systems, its simplicity, reliability, and backward compatibility make it the most widely used remote control software. Multi-platform support is very important for network administrators. Importantly, this allows network administrators to use one tool to manage almost any system.
Install TigerVNC
sudo yum install tigervnc-server
note! It is not recommended to use the root user for system security, so create a user dedicated to vnc.
Create user vncuser
sudo adduser vncuser
set password
sudo passwd vncuser
For example: the password I set here is2021@vnc
After creating vncuser and setting the login password, you also need to set a unique VNC password for this user
su - vncuser
vncpasswd
For example: the password I set here is2021@vncpass
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n
(Do you want to enter a view-only password ?) I don’t need it. Choose according to the actual situation.
My detailed operation is as follows:
Create a VNC configuration file for vncuser.
The following commands will be executed as root user by default if there is no special instructions.
su root
The fastest way to do this is to copy the shared VNC template file located in the /lib/systemd/system/ folder, and then change it:
cp /lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
The number 1 in the new file here will be used with the display number of the specific instance of this service, which is very important. Because it will also determine the TCP port that our VNC server will use, which is equal to 5900 + display number. The first is 5901, then 5902, and so on.
vim /etc/systemd/system/vncserver@:1.service
My configuration is as follows:
[Unit]
Description=Remote desktop service (VNC)
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=simple
# Clean any existing files in /tmp/.X11-unix environment
ExecStartPre=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
ExecStart=/usr/bin/vncserver_wrapper vncuser %i
ExecStop=/bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/vncserver -kill %i > /dev/null 2>&1 || :'
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
After completing the operation, you can reload the VNC daemon, and then use the following command to run vncserver #1:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start vncserver@:1
Query whether the current service is started normally:
systemctl status vncserver@:1
Set boot up
systemctl enable vncserver@:1
Another test you can perform before attempting to connect to the server is to use the ss command to view the active network sockets: if everything is working properly, you should see that the VNC server is working properly and uses TCP port 5901. Excuting an order:
ss -tulpn| grep vnc
If you see this, everything is set up correctly.
Firewall settings
Since our VNC service is listening on TCP port 5901, the firewall must allow it. It is not recommended to simply and rudely turn off the firewall.
firewall-cmd --add-port=5901/tcp
firewall-cmd --add-port=5901/tcp --permanent
Refer to: "CentOS7 Firewall Management and Configuration"
Install the graphical user interface (GUI)
If you have already installed GNOME, KDE or other desktop environments, you can skip this step. Otherwise, you need to install one of them: TigerVNC server will start a parallel instance of this desktop environment for each login session, which means we must have at least one GUI.
If you use GNOME for the graphical interface, see here: Centos7 installation and configuration of VNC server-GNOME
If you use Xfce for the graphical interface, see here: Centos7 installation and configuration of VNC server-Xfce
openbox
Install epel source
yum install epel-release
X Window System necessary for graphical interface
yum -y groupinstall "X Window System"
Install a series of software
yum -y install openbox xfce4-terminal tint2 network-manager-applet ibus ibus-libpinyin cjkuni-ukai-fonts lightdm
- openbox a small desktop environment
- xfce4-terminal is a graphical terminal for the xfce desktop
- tint2 a useful taskbar panel
- network-manager-applet is nm-applet network widget
- Install ibus platform and ibus-libpinyin Chinese Pinyin input method, Chinese font cjkuni-ukai-fonts
If Chinese fonts are not installed, the ibus input method cannot input Chinese normally.
- Install lightdm display manager
Configure openbox auto-start file
vi /etc/xdg/openbox/autostart
# 开启 D-bus daemon
if which dbus-launch >/dev/null && test -z "$DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS"; then
eval `dbus-launch --sh-syntax --exit-with-session`
fi
# 开启ibus 输入法
ibus-daemon -d -x &
# 开启tint2面板
tint2 &
# 开启网络图标
nm-applet &
# 开启xfce4终端
xfce4-terminal &
lightdm
Disable gdm
systemctl disable gdm
Enable lightdm as the default display manager
systemctl enable lightdm
Open the lightdm display manager
systemctl stop gdm
systemctl start lightdm
At this time, I found the interface appeared.
For details, see:
"CentOS7 with a simple desktop environment openbox"
https://blog.csdn.net/lxyoucan/article/details/113207823
Modify the configuration file
Switch to the vncuser user
su - vncuser
Modify the configuration file ~/.vnc/xstartup:
vim ~/.vnc/xstartup
#!/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/sh
# Start Openbox.
openbox-session &
In theory, this is fine. If you find that only the mouse is connected and nothing else can be seen, restart the VNC service.
Close service
systemctl stop vncserver@:1
Open service
systemctl start vncserver@:1
VNC client connection
Now that everything is set up, we can try to connect to our VNC service using a VNC client, such as TightVNC, UltraVNC or RealVNC, VNC Viewer. Remember to specify TCP port 5901 (if you follow our guide).
Personally use VNC Viewer https://www.realvnc.com/en/connect/download/viewer/
Enter 172.16.184.5:5901 in the address bar and press Enter directly.
When the pop-up box appears, click Confirm, and enter the password when it appears.
The effect is as follows:
Turn off the VNC service
Sometimes the VNC service cannot be used several times a year. For example, when I install oracle, I will start the VNC service, and I will not use it after the installation. Turning it on will waste server resources.
Close service
systemctl stop vncserver@:1
Open service
systemctl start vncserver@:1
Check service status
systemctl status vncserver@:1
Set boot up
systemctl enable vncserver@:1
Cancel startup
systemctl disable vncserver@:1
Reference documents
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/VNC
《Installing and configuring a VNC server on CentOS 7》
https://serverspace.io/support/help/installing-and-configuring-a-vnc-server-on-centos-7/
"Centos 7 install xfce 4 desktop environment"
https://blog.csdn.net/whatday/article/details/105053918