1. The basic concept of 5G The
fifth-generation mobile phone mobile communication standard, also known as the fifth-generation mobile communication technology, foreign language abbreviation: 5G. It is also an extension after 4G. It is under study. The theoretical downlink speed of 5G network is 10Gb/s (equivalent to download speed 1.25GB/s) [4].
Nokia cooperated with Canadian operator BellCanada to complete the first 5G network technology test in Canada. The frequency spectrum in the 73GHz range was used in the test, and the data transmission rate is 6 times that of Canada's existing 4G network. In view of the cooperation between the two, it is very likely that Canada will start the full deployment of the 5G network within 5 years.
Due to the rapid development of industries such as the Internet of Things, especially Internet cars, it has higher requirements for network speed, which undoubtedly becomes an important factor in promoting the development of 5G networks. Therefore, both the Canadian government and all parts of the world are vigorously promoting 5G networks to meet the next wave of technology. However, judging from the current situation, it is estimated that it will take 4 to 5 years before the 5G network is commercially available.
2. 5G development process
As early as 2009, Huawei had already started early research on related technologies, and in the following years, it demonstrated 5G prototype base stations to the outside world. Huawei announced on November 6, 2013 that it would invest US$600 million in R&D and innovation of 5G technology by 2018, and predicted that in 2020 users will enjoy 20Gbps commercial 5G mobile networks.
In February 2013, the European Union announced that it would allocate 50 million euros. Accelerate the development of 5G mobile technology, and plan to introduce mature standards by 2020.
On May 13, 2013, South Korea's Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. announced that it has successfully developed the core technology of the 5th generation mobile communication (5G), which is expected to be commercialized in 2020. This technology can transmit data at a speed of more than 1Gbps per second in the 28GHz ultra-high frequency band, and the longest transmission distance can reach 2 kilometers. In contrast, the current fourth-generation long-term evolution (4GLTE) service has a transmission rate of only 75Mbps. Previously, this transmission bottleneck was generally regarded as a technical problem by the industry, and Samsung Electronics solved this problem by using the adaptive array transmission technology of 64 antenna elements. Compared with the current transmission speed of 4G technology in South Korea, 5G technology is expected to provide a speed 100 times faster than 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE). [6] Using this technology, it only takes ten seconds to download a high-definition (HD) movie.
On May 8, 2014, Japanese telecom operator NTTDoCoMo officially announced that it will work with six vendors including Ericsson, Nokia, and Samsung to begin testing a high-speed 5G network that exceeds the existing 4G network's 1000 times the network carrying capacity. The transmission speed is expected to increase To 10Gbps. It is expected to start outdoor testing in 2015 and expect to start operations in 2020.
On March 1, 2015, the British “Daily Mail” reported that the UK has successfully developed a 5G network and conducted a data transmission test within 100 meters. The data transmission per second is up to 125GB, which is 65,000 times that of the 4G network, theoretically 1 30 movies can be downloaded per second, and it is said to be put into public testing in 2018 and officially put into commercial use in 2020.
On March 3, 2015, the European Commissioner for Digital Economy and Society Guze Ottinger officially announced the EU's vision for cooperation with 5G companies, striving to ensure Europe's right to speak in the global standards of next-generation mobile technology. Ottinger said that the vision of 5G public-private cooperation not only involves the integration of optical fiber, wireless and even satellite communication networks, but also uses software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), mobile edge computing (MEC) and fog computing (FogComputing). ) And other technologies. In the field of spectrum, the European Union's 5G public-private partnership vision will also delineate hundreds of megahertz for improving network performance, and frequency bands of 60GHz and higher will also be considered.
The EU's 5G network will be put into operation between 2020 and 2025.
On September 7, 2015, the US mobile operator Verizon Wireless announced that it will start trials of 5G networks in 2016 and will be fully commercialized in some cities in the United States in 2017.
In November 2016, the 3rd World Internet Conference held in Wuzhen, the 5G technology prototype brought by Qualcomm, which can realize the "Internet of Everything", was selected as 15 "black technologies"-the world's leading Internet results. Qualcomm 5G Xiangqian Mega Mobile Network and Artificial Intelligence are moving forward [2]
In March 2016, Chen Zhaoxiong, Deputy Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said: 5G is the main direction for the development of new-generation mobile communication technology and an important part of the next-generation information infrastructure in the future. Compared with 4G, it will not only further enhance the user's network experience, but also meet the application needs of the Internet of Everything in the future. my country's 5G technology research and development test will be carried out in 2016-2018, divided into 5G key technology test, 5G technical plan verification and 5G system verification three phases of implementation.
From the perspective of user experience, 5G has a higher speed and wider bandwidth. It is expected that the speed of 5G will be about 10 times higher than that of 4G. It only takes a few seconds to download a high-definition movie, which can satisfy consumers' demand for virtual reality and ultra Higher network experience requirements such as high-definition video.
From the perspective of industry applications, 5G has higher reliability and lower latency, which can meet the specific needs of intelligent manufacturing, autonomous driving and other industry applications, broaden the development space of integrated industries, and support economic and social innovation and development.
From the perspective of the development trend, 5G is currently still in the research stage of technical standards, and 4G will maintain its dominant position in the next few years and achieve sustained and rapid development. But 5G is expected to be officially commercialized in 2020.
On February 9, 2017, the international communication standards organization 3GPP announced the official logo of "5G".
Three, 5G technical indicators
The iconic capability index is "Gbps user experience rate". A set of key technologies includes large-scale antenna arrays, ultra-dense networking, new multiple access, full spectrum access, and new network architectures. Large-scale antenna arrays are one of the most important technical means to improve the spectrum efficiency of the system, and will play an important supporting role in meeting the capacity and speed requirements of the 5G system; ultra-dense networking can achieve a hundred times the capacity by increasing the density of base station deployment Upgrading is one of the most important means to meet the demand for thousands of times the capacity growth of 5G; the new multiple access technology enhances the access capability of the system through superimposed transmission of sending signals, which can effectively support the connection requirements of 100 billion devices on the 5G network; full spectrum access The technology can effectively alleviate the huge demand for spectrum resources in 5G networks through effective use of various spectrum resources; the new network architecture based on advanced technologies such as SDN, NFV and cloud computing can achieve user-centric more flexible, intelligent, efficient and open 5G new network.
4. 5G Commercialization Timetable The
Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and China's IMT-2020 (5G) Promotion Group announced the 5G network timetable in November 2016. China will launch the second phase of 5G network testing in 2017 and conduct large-scale trial networking in 2018. , And on this basis, 5G network construction will be launched in 2019, and the 5G network will be officially commercialized in 2020 as soon as possible.
In June 2015, at the 22nd meeting of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) WP5D, the key contents such as the name, vision and timetable of IMT were determined. In the IMT family of the International Telecommunications Union, the third generation of mobile communications (3G) is called IMT-2000, and the fourth generation of mobile communications (4G) is called IMT-Advanced. Now, the fifth generation is officially named IMT-2020.
The goal of 5G is to achieve the unification of global standards, and the standards are formulated by the ITU. As a non-technical organization, the ITU will entrust technical organizations such as 3GPP to formulate 5G standards. In 3GPP, equipment vendors, terminal vendors and operators conduct multi-party negotiations, and finally determine the technical standards and roadmap.
According to the timetable of 3GPP, early mobile 5G specifications will be launched at the earliest by the end of 2017, and the first version of 5G standards will be launched in the second half of 2018. Domestically, in accordance with the plan of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, my country will carry out the second phase of 5G technology research and development testing in 2017, and verify the application scenarios of 5G mobile Internet and Internet of Things for various manufacturers. After completing the second phase of testing, large-scale network technology research and development and testing will be carried out in 2018. After the official announcement of the 5G standard, my country will enter the network construction stage, and the commercial 5G network will be officially launched as soon as 2020.
5. Division of 5G test phases In
light of the industry development trend, China Mobile, guided by the needs of operators, clarified a phased 5G test plan for commercial product research and development, and spared no effort to accelerate the commercialization of 5G products.
The first stage is the feasibility verification of 5G key technologies. Based on the 4G network infrastructure, the joint industry will carry out the feasibility verification of 5G candidate technologies, including large-scale antennas, user-centric networks, new coding, new modulation and other technologies, and this stage of work will be completed in 2016. Combined with the work at this stage, China Mobile has applied 5G large-scale antenna technology to 4G networks in advance, which can increase the capacity and spectrum utilization efficiency of the existing network by 2 to 3 times, and has begun large-scale deployment in business hotspots and high-rise buildings. .
The second stage is the proof of concept of the 5G system. Combining with the progress of 3GPP standards, uniting the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain, breaking through the industrial bottleneck of hardware platforms and architecture, and promoting the realization of 5G infrastructure hardware capabilities. Through laboratory and field testing of system prototypes, the design and optimization of 5G end-to-end products are comprehensively promoted, as well as the maturity of test instruments. The laboratory test, field test, and demonstration are striving to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2017. At present, during the MWCS in June 2017, demonstrations of 5G networking capabilities and business capabilities in Shanghai and Guangzhou have been completed.
In the third stage, from 2018 to 2019, "scale trials and pre-commercial trials" will be carried out for pre-commercial products and mature 3GPP standards to ensure effective 5G commercial use in 2020. Through the optimization iteration of the hardware platform and the software iteration oriented to the 3GPP standard, the launch of pre-commercial 5G products, through the multi-vendor, multi-network interconnection and interoperability, and the interoperability of 4G and 5G and other experimental tests, promote the end-to-end maturity of 5G, and Strive to provide a friendly user experience in the second half of 2019.