1. Upgrade first:
pip3 install --index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple --upgrade pip
If you encounter an error like this timeout:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 438, in _error_catcher
yield
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 519, in read
data = self._fp.read(amt) if not fp_closed else b""
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line 62, in read
data = self.__fp.read(amt)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 449, in read
n = self.readinto(b)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/http/client.py", line 493, in readinto
n = self.fp.readinto(b)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/socket.py", line 586, in readinto
return self._sock.recv_into(b)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 1009, in recv_into
return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 871, in read
return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/ssl.py", line 631, in read
v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 224, in _main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 180, in wrapper
return func(self, options, args)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 321, in run
reqs, check_supported_wheels=not options.target_dir
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py", line 122, in resolve
requirements, max_rounds=try_to_avoid_resolution_too_deep,
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 445, in resolve
state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 339, in resolve
failure_causes = self._attempt_to_pin_criterion(name, criterion)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 207, in _attempt_to_pin_criterion
criteria = self._get_criteria_to_update(candidate)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/resolvelib/resolvers.py", line 198, in _get_criteria_to_update
for r in self._p.get_dependencies(candidate):
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py", line 172, in get_dependencies
for r in candidate.iter_dependencies(with_requires)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py", line 171, in <listcomp>
r
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 257, in iter_dependencies
requires = self.dist.requires() if with_requires else ()
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 239, in dist
self._prepare()
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 226, in _prepare
dist = self._prepare_distribution()
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/candidates.py", line 319, in _prepare_distribution
self._ireq, parallel_builds=True,
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 480, in prepare_linked_requirement
return self._prepare_linked_requirement(req, parallel_builds)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 505, in _prepare_linked_requirement
self.download_dir, hashes,
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 257, in unpack_url
hashes=hashes,
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 130, in get_http_url
from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py", line 163, in __call__
for chunk in chunks:
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py", line 168, in iter
for x in it:
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/utils.py", line 88, in response_chunks
decode_content=False,
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 576, in stream
data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 541, in read
raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/contextlib.py", line 99, in __exit__
self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
File "/usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line 443, in _error_catcher
raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, "Read timed out.")
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=443): Read timed out.
This situation is actually due to the speed limit of foreign websites, so the timeout will always be reported incorrectly. You can use the parameter to extend the timeout or change the source. If you encounter the same situation, you can try this command to install the required third-party libraries: pip3 install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple xxxx. Or use pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple xxxx to get the library from the Tsinghua mirror.
2. Retry using Tsinghua's mirror image:
pip3 install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple virtualenv
Download correctly! ! !
Common pip download mirror:
Ali: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple
Tsinghua: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
University of Science and Technology of China: https://pypi.mirrors. ustc.edu.cn/simple
reference: perfect solution: You are using pip version 19.0.3, however version 20.0.2 is available…problem