1. Paracetamol (percocet)
Paracetamol, the product name is Baifuning, Bilitong , Tylenol, acetaminophen and so on. The international non-proprietary drug name of this product is Paracetamol. It is the most commonly used non-anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic. Its antipyretic effect is similar to that of aspirin . It has weak analgesic effect and has no anti-inflammatory and anti-rheumatic effects. It is the best variety of acetanilide drugs. It is especially suitable for patients who cannot use carboxylic acid drugs . Used for colds, toothaches and other diseases. Acetaminophen is also an intermediate in organic synthesis, a stabilizer of hydrogen peroxide , and a photographic chemical.
Chinese aliases: acetaminophen , acetaminophen, paracetamol, antipyretic cleansing , acetaminophen, acetaminophen, somitone, acetaminophen, diacetolol.
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics This product is an acetanilide antipyretic and analgesic. By inhibiting the ring oxygen cyclase, selective inhibition of the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center prostaglandin synthesis, resulting in peripheral vasodilation, sweating achieve antipyretic action, antipyretic potency similar to aspirin ; by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis or the like It is a kind of peripheral analgesic, and its effect is weaker than that of aspirin. It is only effective for mild to moderate pain. This product has no obvious anti-inflammatory effect.
Pharmacokinetics After oral administration, it is quickly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (taking the drug after a high-carbohydrate diet may reduce absorption), and is evenly distributed in body fluids after absorption, and about 25% is bound to plasma proteins. In small amounts (blood drug concentration <60μg/ml), the binding to protein is not obvious, while in large amounts or poisoned amounts, the binding rate is higher, up to 43%. 90-95% of the product is metabolized in the liver, mainly combined with glucuronic acid, sulfuric acid and cysteine. Intermediate metabolites have toxic effects on the liver. The half-life β is generally 1 to 4 hours (average 2 hours), and renal insufficiency remains unchanged, but it may be prolonged in some patients with liver diseases, the elderly and newborns may be prolonged, and children may be shortened. The plasma concentration can reach the peak value within 0.5-2 hours after oral administration. When the dose is less than 650mg, the plasma concentration is 5-20μg/ml, and the duration of action is 3-4 hours. During breastfeeding, women take 650mg of this product, and the concentration in the milk is 10-15μg/ml within 1 to 2 hours; the half-life β is 1.35 to 3.5 hours. The product is mainly excreted from the kidney in the form of binding with glucuronic acid, and about 3% of it is excreted in the urine in its original form within 24 hours.
Adapt to symptoms
It is suitable for alleviating mild to moderate pain, such as fever, headache, joint pain, neuralgia, migraine, dysmenorrhea, etc. caused by a cold. Because this product can only relieve symptoms, has no or minimal anti-inflammatory effect, and cannot eliminate redness, swelling, and movement disorders caused by arthritis, it cannot be used to replace aspirin or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat various types of arthritis. However, the product can be used in cases that are allergic to, intolerant or not suitable for aspirin, such as patients with chickenpox , hemophilia, and other bleeding diseases (including those with anticoagulation therapy), as well as peptic ulcers, gastritis, etc. When using this product, other therapies must also be used to relieve the cause of pain or fever when necessary.
2. Acetaminophen
Acetaminophen is an acetanilide antipyretic and analgesic, also known as paracetamol . It is white crystal or crystalline powder; odorless, slightly bitter taste. It is used for fever, and can also be used to relieve mild to moderate pain, such as headache, muscle pain, arthralgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhea, cancer pain, and postoperative pain relief.
It is used for fever, and can also be used to relieve mild to moderate pain, such as headache, muscle pain, arthralgia, neuralgia, dysmenorrhea, cancer pain, and postoperative pain relief. This product can be used for patients who are allergic to or intolerant to aspirin . This product is not effective for all kinds of severe pain and visceral smooth muscle colic.
Adverse reactions
Under conventional doses, acetaminophen has few adverse reactions, occasionally causing nausea, vomiting, sweating, abdominal pain, pale skin, etc. In a few cases, allergic dermatitis (rash, skin itching, etc.), agranulocytosis, and thrombocytopenia may occur . , Anemia, liver damage, etc., rarely cause gastrointestinal bleeding.