1. Basic concepts

Introduction:

set is also called collection container.

All elements will be automatically sorted when inserted

Nature:

Set/multiset is an associative container , and the underlying structure is implemented with a binary tree .

The difference between set and multiset :

set does not allow duplicate elements in the container
multiset allows duplicate elements in the container

Two, construction and assignment

Function description: create set container and assign value

structure:

set<T> st; //Default constructor:
set(const set &st); //Copy constructor

Assignment:

set& operator=(const set &st); //Overload the equal sign operator

Example:

#include <set>

void printSet(set<int> & s)
{
	for (set<int>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
}

//构造和赋值
void test01()
{
	set<int> s1;

	s1.insert(10);
	s1.insert(30);
	s1.insert(20);
	s1.insert(40);
	printSet(s1);

	//拷贝构造
	set<int>s2(s1);
	printSet(s2);

	//赋值
	set<int>s3;
	s3 = s2;
	printSet(s3);
}

int main() {

	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

to sum up:

Use insert when the set container inserts data
The data inserted into the set container will be automatically sorted

Three, size and exchange

Function description:

Count the size of the set container and exchange the set container

Function prototype:

size(); //Returns the number of elements in the container
empty(); //Determine whether the container is empty
swap(st); //Exchange two collection containers

Example:

#include <set>

void printSet(set<int> & s)
{
	for (set<int>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
}

//大小
void test01()
{

	set<int> s1;
	
	s1.insert(10);
	s1.insert(30);
	s1.insert(20);
	s1.insert(40);

	if (s1.empty())
	{
		cout << "s1为空" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "s1不为空" << endl;
		cout << "s1的大小为： " << s1.size() << endl;
	}

}

//交换
void test02()
{
	set<int> s1;

	s1.insert(10);
	s1.insert(30);
	s1.insert(20);
	s1.insert(40);

	set<int> s2;

	s2.insert(100);
	s2.insert(300);
	s2.insert(200);
	s2.insert(400);

	cout << "交换前" << endl;
	printSet(s1);
	printSet(s2);
	cout << endl;

	cout << "交换后" << endl;
	s1.swap(s2);
	printSet(s1);
	printSet(s2);
}

int main() {

	//test01();

	test02();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

to sum up:

Statistics size — size
Determine whether it is empty — empty
Exchange container — swap

Four, insert and delete

Function description:

set container to insert data and delete data

Function prototype:

insert(elem); //Insert elements in the container.
clear(); //Clear all elements
erase(pos); //Delete the element pointed to by the pos iterator and return the iterator of the next element.
erase(beg, end); //Delete all elements in the interval [beg,end), and return the iterator of the next element.
erase(elem); //Delete the element whose value is elem in the container.

Example:

#include <set>

void printSet(set<int> & s)
{
	for (set<int>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
}

//插入和删除
void test01()
{
	set<int> s1;
	//插入
	s1.insert(10);
	s1.insert(30);
	s1.insert(20);
	s1.insert(40);
	printSet(s1);

	//删除
	s1.erase(s1.begin());
	printSet(s1);

	s1.erase(30);
	printSet(s1);

	//清空
	//s1.erase(s1.begin(), s1.end());
	s1.clear();
	printSet(s1);
}

int main() {

	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

to sum up:

Insert — insert
Delete — erase
Clear — clear

Five, search and statistics

Function description:

Find data and statistics on the set container

Function prototype:

find(key); //Find whether the key exists, if it exists, return an iterator of the key's elements; if it does not exist, return set.end();
count(key); //Count the number of elements of the key

Example:

#include <set>

//查找和统计
void test01()
{
	set<int> s1;
	//插入
	s1.insert(10);
	s1.insert(30);
	s1.insert(20);
	s1.insert(40);
	
	//查找
	set<int>::iterator pos = s1.find(30);

	if (pos != s1.end())
	{
		cout << "找到了元素 ： " << *pos << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "未找到元素" << endl;
	}

	//统计
	int num = s1.count(30);
	cout << "num = " << num << endl;
}

int main() {

	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

to sum up:

Find — find (returns an iterator)
Statistics — count (for set, the result is 0 or 1)

Six, the difference between set and multiset

the difference:

Set cannot insert duplicate data, while multiset can
When the set inserts data, it will return the result of the insertion, indicating whether the insertion is successful
multiset does not detect data, so duplicate data can be inserted

Example:

#include <set>

//set和multiset区别
void test01()
{
	set<int> s;
	pair<set<int>::iterator, bool>  ret = s.insert(10);
	if (ret.second) {
		cout << "第一次插入成功!" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "第一次插入失败!" << endl;
	}

	ret = s.insert(10);
	if (ret.second) {
		cout << "第二次插入成功!" << endl;
	}
	else {
		cout << "第二次插入失败!" << endl;
	}
    
	//multiset
	multiset<int> ms;
	ms.insert(10);
	ms.insert(10);

	for (multiset<int>::iterator it = ms.begin(); it != ms.end(); it++) {
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
}

int main() {

	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

to sum up:

If it is not allowed to insert duplicate data, you can use set
If you need to insert duplicate data, use multiset

Seven, pair creation

Function description:

Data appearing in pairs, the use of pairs can return two data

Two creation methods:

pair<type, type> p ( value1, value2 );
pair<type, type> p = make_pair( value1, value2 );

Example:

#include <string>

//对组创建
void test01()
{
	pair<string, int> p(string("Tom"), 20);
	cout << "姓名： " <<  p.first << " 年龄： " << p.second << endl;

	pair<string, int> p2 = make_pair("Jerry", 10);
	cout << "姓名： " << p2.first << " 年龄： " << p2.second << endl;
}

int main() {

	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

to sum up:

You can create a pair in both ways, just remember one

Eight, set container sorting

Main technical points:

Using functors, you can change the sorting rules

Example 1 set to store built-in data types

#include <set>

class MyCompare 
{
public:
	bool operator()(int v1, int v2) {
		return v1 > v2;
	}
};
void test01() 
{    
	set<int> s1;
	s1.insert(10);
	s1.insert(40);
	s1.insert(20);
	s1.insert(30);
	s1.insert(50);

	//默认从小到大
	for (set<int>::iterator it = s1.begin(); it != s1.end(); it++) {
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;

	//指定排序规则
	set<int,MyCompare> s2;
	s2.insert(10);
	s2.insert(40);
	s2.insert(20);
	s2.insert(30);
	s2.insert(50);

	for (set<int, MyCompare>::iterator it = s2.begin(); it != s2.end(); it++) {
		cout << *it << " ";
	}
	cout << endl;
}

int main() {

	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

Note: The functor needs to be modified with const here, otherwise an error will be reported!

	bool operator()(int v1,int v2) const
	{
		return v1 > v2;
	}

Summary: Use functors to specify the sorting rules of set containers

Example 2: set stores custom data types

#include <set>
#include <string>

class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name, int age)
	{
		this->m_Name = name;
		this->m_Age = age;
	}

	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;

};
class comparePerson
{
public:
	bool operator()(const Person& p1, const Person &p2)
	{
		//按照年龄进行排序  降序
		return p1.m_Age > p2.m_Age;
	}
};

void test01()
{
	set<Person, comparePerson> s;

	Person p1("刘备", 23);
	Person p2("关羽", 27);
	Person p3("张飞", 25);
	Person p4("赵云", 21);

	s.insert(p1);
	s.insert(p2);
	s.insert(p3);
	s.insert(p4);

	for (set<Person, comparePerson>::iterator it = s.begin(); it != s.end(); it++)
	{
		cout << "姓名： " << it->m_Name << " 年龄： " << it->m_Age << endl;
	}
}
int main() {

	test01();

	system("pause");

	return 0;
}

to sum up:

For custom data types, set must specify the sorting rules to insert data

C++ Development of Generic Programming Lecture 9 [set/multiset container]

1. Basic concepts

Two, construction and assignment

Three, size and exchange

Four, insert and delete

Five, search and statistics

Six, the difference between set and multiset

Seven, pair creation

Eight, set container sorting

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