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It mainly records the related built-in functions and reserved words of Python.
surroundings
| software | version |
|---|---|
| Python | 3 |
text
Built-in function
| function | Paraphrase |
|---|---|
| abs(x) | Returns the absolute value of x (int, float) |
| all(iteralbe) | If the elements in iteralbe are all True or iterable is empty, return True |
| any(iterable) | If any element in iterable is True, return True, if iterable is empty, return False |
| ascii(obj) | Return the repr() output of obj, which is represented by \x, \u or \U for non-printable characters |
| am (x) | Convert an integer x to a binary string form, starting with 0b |
| bytearray() | Return a new byte array |
| bool([x]) | Used to convert the given parameter to boolean type, if there is no parameter, return False. bool is a subclass of int |
| bytes(src) | Convert src into a new byte string type bool(x) |
| classmethod() | Decorator function, which converts the method into a class object, corresponding to the syntactic sugar @classmethod |
| compile(src,filename,mode) | Compile src into code or AST object |
| callable(object) | Used to check whether an object is callable. If it returns True, the call to object may still fail; but if it returns False, the call to object will never succeed. __call__It returns True for functions, methods, lambda functions, classes, and class instances that implement methods. |
| chr(int) | Returns the character represented by int in unicode encoding |
| complex(r[,i]) | Convert the input value/tuple/string into a (complex) object and return |
| dict() | Return a new dictionary object |
| divmod (inta, intb) | Return the result of (a//b, a%b) |
| delattr(obj,name) | Delete the name attribute of the obj object |
| dir (obj) | Return all legal attributes of obj |
| enumerate(iterable) | Returns an enum object initialized by iterable (a sequence of two tuples consisting of serial number and value) |
| exec(obj) | Execute the passed string or code object |
| eval(exp) | Pass the string expression exp as a legal statement to Python for interpretation and execution |
| float(x) | Convert numbers or strings to floating point numbers |
| filter(func,iteralbe) | Pass the iterable object to the function fucn and construct the True object as an iterator |
| format(value[,format_spec]) | Format the value according to the foramt_spec format |
| frozenset([iterable]) | Return an unmodifiable collection object, which can be initialized with the iterable parameter |
| getattr(obj,name) | Returns the name attribute of the obj object |
| globals() | Return a dictionary composed of the current global variables |
| hash(obj) | Returns the hash value of the object obj |
| hex(int) | Convert int to hexadecimal and return the result of a string prefixed with 0x in all lowercase |
| hasattr(obj,name) | If the obj object has a name attribute, it returns True, otherwise it returns False |
| help(obj) | Returns the help document of the obj object |
| isinstance(obj,classinfo) | If the object obj is an instance of classinfo, it returns True, otherwise it returns False |
| issubclass(class, classinfo) | If the class class is a subclass of classinfo, return True, otherwise return False |
| iter(obj) | Returns the iterator constructed by the obj object, obj must be an iterable object |
| id() | Returns the id value of obj in Python, generally refers to the memory address of the object changed in CPython |
| input([prompt]) | Display the string prompt on the screen and wait for input |
| int(x) | Convert number/string x to integer |
| len (s) | Returns the length of the object s |
| list([iterable]) | Return a new list object, which can be initialized with the iterable parameter |
| locals() | Return a dictionary composed of the current local variables |
| map(func,iterable) | Returns the iterator constructed by passing each object in iterable to the function func |
| memoryview(obj) | 返回obj对象的Memory View信息 |
| max(iterable) | 返回iterable中最大值 |
| min(iterable) | 返回iterable中最小值 |
| next(iterator) | 返回迭代器中的下一个元素，会改变迭代器状态 |
| object | 最基础的对象，它的类是所有类的基类 |
| oct(int) | 将int转换为八进制，返回0o为前缀的字符串结果 |
| open(file, mode) | 以mode方式打开文件并返回文件对象 |
| ord© | 与chr()相反，返回字符c的unicode编码值 |
| pow(x,y[,z]) | 返回x的y次方，可选参数z用于取模 |
| print(x) | 打印 |
| property() | 装饰器函数，用于将方法转换为属性，对应语法糖@property |
| repr(obj) | 调用obj对象的repr()方法，返回目标对象的可打印字符串 |
| reverse(seq) | 返回将序列seq反向后构造的迭代器 |
| range(start, stop[,step]) | 从start开始到stop结束，以step为步进的序列 |
| round(x) | 对x近似取整 |
| set([iterable]) | 返回一个新的集合对象，可用iterable参数初始化 |
| str(x) | 将x转换为字符串 |
| setattr(obj,name,value) | 为obj对象增加name属性，属性值value |
| slice(start, stop[,step]) | 返回start(包含)开始，stop(不包含)结束的可切片对象，可选参数step控制步进间隔 |
| sorted(iterable) | 返回一个由iterable对象元素排序后构成的新列表对象 |
| staticmethode() | 装饰器函数，将方法转换为静态方法，对应语法糖@staticmethod |
| sum(iterable[, start]) | 对序列进行求和计算 |
| super(type[, object-or-type]) | 是用于调用父类(超类)的一个方法。super() 是用来解决多重继承问题的，直接用类名调用父类方法在使用单继承的时候没问题，但是如果使用多继承，会涉及到查找顺序（MRO）、重复调用（钻石继承）等种种问题。MRO 就是类的方法解析顺序表, 其实也就是继承父类方法时的顺序表。 |
| tuple( iterable ) | 将可迭代系列（如列表）转换为元组 |
| type(object)/type(name, bases, dict) | 如果你只有第一个参数则返回对象的类型，三个参数返回新的类型对象 |
| vars(obj) | 返回obj模块/类/对象的dict属性 |
| zip(*iterable) | 从各iterable对象中提取元素拼成元组，形成并返回新的迭代器 |
__import__(name[, globals[, locals[, fromlist[, level]]]]) |
__import__() 函数用于动态加载类和函数 。如果一个模块经常变化就可以使用 __import__()来动态载入。 |
注意
isinstance() 与 type() 区别：
type() 不会认为子类是一种父类类型，不考虑继承关系。
isinstance() 会认为子类是一种父类类型，考虑继承关系。
如果要判断两个类型是否相同推荐使用 isinstance()。
Python保留字
被编程语言内部定义并保留使用的的关键字
查询方式
import keyword
print(keyword.kwlist)
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