Linux package management
rpm package management
Yum package management
Dnf package management
Source code compilation and installation
Ready to work
Mount the iso image
Mount the optical drive to the system
[root@myserver dev]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@myserver dev]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 884M 0 884M 0% /dev
tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 901M 9.8M 891M 2% /run
tmpfs 901M 0 901M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl_myserver-root 17G 5.2G 12G 31% /
/dev/sdb1 5.0G 68M 5.0G 2% /data/sdb1
/dev/sda1 976M 194M 716M 22% /boot
tmpfs 181M 16K 181M 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 181M 1.2M 179M 1% /run/user/42
/dev/sr0 6.7G 6.7G 0 100% /mnt
Rpm package management
windows ： exe ； mac OS ： dmg ； Linux ： rpm
When our application can be installed directly, it is recommended to use rpm to install directly. But when our application needs to depend on other packages, rpm will become uncomfortable.
How to use the rpm command
rpm -qa | grep xz: view all installed packages
rpm -ivh xxx.rpm: install xxx.rpm
rpm -e xxx: uninstall xxx
rpm -Uvh xxx.rpm: update xxx.rpm
cd /mnt/BaseOS/Packages
## Find if the package has been installed
[root@myserver Packages]# rpm -qa | grep xz
xz-libs-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
xz-5.2.4-3.el8. x86_64
## Get related RPM packages
[root@myserver Packages]# ls | grep xz
xz-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.i686.rpm
xz-devel -5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
xz-libs-5.2.4-3.el8.i686.rpm
xz-libs-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
## Start installation
[root@myserver Packages]# rpm -ivh xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64.rpm
Verifying... ######################### ######## [100%]
Preparing... ################################ [ 100%]
Updating / installing...
1:xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8 ################################# [100%]
## Verify that the installation is successful
[root@myserver Packages]# rpm -qa | grep xz
xz-libs-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
xz-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
xz-devel-5.2.4 -3.el8.x86_64
## Uninstall
[root@myserver Packages]# rpm -e xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
[root@myserver Packages]# rpm -qa | grep xz
xz-libs-5.2 .4-3.el8.x86_64
xz-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
Yum package management tool
Yum warehouse concept === Yum source
What the source configuration needs is a xxx.repo file, /etc/yum.repos.d/
yum remove xz-devel: 卸载xz-devel
yum -y install xz-devel: Install xz-devel -y without interactive mode.
yum update xz-devel：更新xz-devel
yum clean all: clean the cache
Preparation before operation: back up the original source
[root@myserver yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
[root@myserver yum.repos.d]# ls
bak CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo
CentOS-AppStream.repo CentOS-Devel.repo CentOS-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Extras.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-centosplus.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-HA.repo
[root@myserver yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak/
[root@myserver yum.repos.d]# ls
bak
Yum source file format
[BaseOS] ## Warehouse name
name=CentOS-$releasever-Base ## Warehouse description
baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/$contentdir/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/ ## Source address [online HTTP|FILE local file]
gpgcheck=1 ## Certificate verification
enabled=1 ## Whether to start
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
Configure local YUM
[myrepo]
name=My first repo test.
baseurl=file:///mnt/BaseOS/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[root@myserver ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@myserver yum.repos.d]# ls
bak
[root@myserver yum.repos.d]# vim myrepo.repo
[root@myserver yum.repos.d]# ls
bak myrepo.repo
[root@myserver ~]# yum repolist
repo id repo name
myrepo My first repo test.
[root@myserver ~]# rpm -qa | grep xz
xz-libs-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
xz-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
[root@myserver ~]# yum install xz*
My first repo test. 24 MB/s | 2.2 MB 00:00
Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Sun 21 Jun 2020 10:00:03 PM EDT.
Package xz-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Package xz-libs-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 is already installed.
Dependencies resolved.
===================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
===================================================================================
Installing:
xz-devel x86_64 5.2.4-3.el8 myrepo 62 k
Transaction Summary
===================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total size: 62 k
Installed size: 202 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Installing : xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 1/1
Installed products updated.
Installed:
xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
Complete!
[root@myserver ~]# rpm -qa | grep xz
xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
xz-libs-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
xz-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64
[root@myserver ~]# yum remove xz-devel Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================================ Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================ Removing: xz-devel x86_64 5.2.4-3.el8 @myrepo 202 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================ Remove 1 Package Freed space: 202 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Erasing : xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 1/1 Installed products updated. Removed: xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 Complete!
Online YUM source
Back up local yum and create a new online yum source
[root@myserver ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@myserver yum.repos.d]# ls bak myrepo.repo [root@myserver yum.repos.d]# mv myrepo.repo myrepo.repo~ [root@myserver yum.repos.d]# ls bak myrepo.repo~ [root@myserver yum.repos.d]# vim myrepo.repo
[myrepo] name=My first repo test. baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/ gpgcheck=0 enabled=1
[root@myserver yum.repos.d]# yum -y install xz-devel My first repo test. 537 kB/s | 2.2 MB 00:04 Last metadata expiration check: 0:00:01 ago on Sun 21 Jun 2020 10:09:55 PM EDT. Dependencies resolved. ================================================================================================ Package Architecture Version Repository Size ================================================================================================ Installing: xz-devel x86_64 5.2.4-3.el8 myrepo 62 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================ Install 1 Package Total download size: 62 k Installed size: 202 k Downloading Packages: xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64.rpm 105 kB/s | 62 kB 00:00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Total 104 kB/s | 62 kB 00:00 Running transaction check Transaction check succeeded. Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded. Running transaction Preparing : 1/1 Installing : xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 1/1 Running scriptlet: xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 1/1 Installed products updated. Installed: xz-devel-5.2.4-3.el8.x86_64 Complete!
FAQ
[root@myserver yum.repos.d]# yum -y install xz-devel My first repo test. 0.0 B/s | 0 B 00:00 Errors during downloading metadata for repository 'myrepo': - Curl error (6): Couldn't resolve host name for https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/8/BaseOS/x86_64/os/repodata/repomd.xml [Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn] Error: Failed to download metadata for repo 'myrepo': Cannot download repomd.xml: Cannot download repodata/repomd.xml: All mirrors were tried [root@myserver yum.repos.d]# ping www.baidu.com ping: www.baidu.com: Name or service not known ## 重新获取地址信息 [root@myserver yum.repos.d]# dhclient [root@myserver yum.repos.d]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (61.135.169.121) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=1 ttl=56 time=4.68 ms 64 bytes from 61.135.169.121 (61.135.169.121): icmp_seq=2 ttl=56 time=4.92 ms --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 2ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.675/4.795/4.916/0.138 ms
Dnf package management tool
DNF is the abbreviation of Dandified yum. DNF is also a package management tool based on RPM, which first appeared in Fedora system and has become the default package management tool of Fedora system.
It is simpler than Yum, consumes less content, and relies on package parsing faster
xz-devel
dnf list installed: List all installed packages
dnf search: find packages
dnf install: installation command
dnf reinstall: reinstall
dnf download: download package
dnf check-update: check for updates
dnf update: update
dnf repolist all: view all available sources
dnf remove: uninstall software
dnf clean all: clear the cache
Source code compilation and installation
Create archive
tar cf archive name file
tar xf archive name -C specifies the unpacking path
[root@myserver ~]# tar cf mytestfile.tar a.txt b.txt c.txt [root@myserver ~]# ls a b.txt Documents Music Pictures test anaconda-ks.cfg c.txt Downloads mytestfile Public Videos a.txt Desktop initial-setup-ks.cfg mytest.txt Templates [root@myserver ~]# file mytestfile.tar mytestfile: POSIX tar archive (GNU) [root@myserver ~]# tar xf mytestfile.tar -C /opt/ [root@myserver ~]# ls /opt/ a.txt b.txt c.txt
Compressed package tar.gz
[root@myserver ~]# tar zcf mytestfile.tar.gz a.txt b.txt c.txt [root@myserver ~]# ls a c.txt initial-setup-ks.cfg mytest.txt test anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Music Pictures Videos a.txt Documents mytestfile Public b.txt Downloads mytestfile.tar.gz Templates [root@myserver ~]# file mytestfile.tar.gz mytestfile.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, last modified: Mon Jun 22 12:38:35 2020, from Unix, original size 10240 [root@myserver ~]# tar zxf mytestfile.tar.gz -C /mnt/ [root@myserver ~]# ls /mnt/ a.txt b.txt c.txt hgfs
Source code compilation and installation process
Download the source code package of the application
wget download source package
Unzip the source package
Default decompression path: /usr/local/
tar zxf xxxx -C /usr/local
Execution configuration file
Execute compilation
Perform compile and install
[root@myserver ~]# wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz --2020-06-22 08:44:02-- http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz Resolving zlib.net (zlib.net)... 68.66.224.49 Connecting to zlib.net (zlib.net)|68.66.224.49|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 607698 (593K) [application/x-gzip] Saving to: \u2018zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz\u2019 zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz 100%[=======================>] 593.46K 11.4KB/s in 49s 2020-06-22 08:44:47 (12.2 KB/s) - \u2018zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz\u2019 saved [607698/607698]
[root@myserver ~]# ls a c.txt initial-setup-ks.cfg mytest.txt test anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Music Pictures Videos a.txt Documents mytestfile Public zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz b.txt Downloads mytestfile.tar.gz Templates [root@myserver ~]# tar zxf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@myserver ~]# ls /usr/local/ bin etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src zlib-1.2.11 [root@myserver ~]# cd /usr/local/zlib-1.2.11/ [root@myserver zlib-1.2.11]# ls adler32.c examples inflate.c README zlib.3 amiga FAQ inflate.h test zlib.3.pdf ChangeLog gzclose.c inftrees.c treebuild.xml zlib.h CMakeLists.txt gzguts.h inftrees.h trees.c zlib.map compress.c gzlib.c Makefile trees.h zlib.pc.cmakein configure gzread.c Makefile.in uncompr.c zlib.pc.in contrib gzwrite.c make_vms.com watcom zutil.c crc32.c INDEX msdos win32 zutil.h crc32.h infback.c nintendods zconf.h deflate.c inffast.c old zconf.h.cmakein deflate.h inffast.h os400 zconf.h.in doc inffixed.h qnx zlib2ansi [root@myserver zlib-1.2.11]#
开始编译 https://www.nginx.cn/install
编译之前首先需要安装gcc gcc-c++ 编译器
yum -y install gcc automake autoconf libtool make yum install gcc gcc-c++`
[root@myserver zlib-1.2.11]# ./configure Checking for gcc... Checking for shared library support... Building shared library libz.so.1.2.11 with gcc. Checking for size_t... Yes. Checking for off64_t... Yes. Checking for fseeko... Yes. Checking for strerror... Yes. Checking for unistd.h... Yes. Checking for stdarg.h... Yes. Checking whether to use vs[n]printf() or s[n]printf()... using vs[n]printf(). Checking for vsnprintf() in stdio.h... Yes. Checking for return value of vsnprintf()... Yes. Checking for attribute(visibility) support... Yes.
[root@myserver zlib-1.2.11]# make [root@myserver zlib-1.2.11]# make install rm -f /usr/local/lib/libz.a cp libz.a /usr/local/lib chmod 644 /usr/local/lib/libz.a cp libz.so.1.2.11 /usr/local/lib chmod 755 /usr/local/lib/libz.so.1.2.11 rm -f /usr/local/share/man/man3/zlib.3 cp zlib.3 /usr/local/share/man/man3 chmod 644 /usr/local/share/man/man3/zlib.3 rm -f /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/zlib.pc cp zlib.pc /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig chmod 644 /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/zlib.pc rm -f /usr/local/include/zlib.h /usr/local/include/zconf.h cp zlib.h zconf.h /usr/local/include chmod 644 /usr/local/include/zlib.h /usr/local/include/zconf.h