Thesis title:
"Real-time dialogue between experimenters and dreamers during REM sleep"
Summary
Dreams take us to a different reality, a world of hallucinations, and feel as real as any waking experience. These often bizarre events are symbols of human sleep, but have not yet been fully explained. Retrospective dream reports are easily distorted and forgotten, which poses a fundamental challenge to the neuroscience research of dreams. Here, we show that individuals in lucid dreams (realizing that they are currently dreaming) can perceive questions from the experimenter and use electrophysiological signals to provide answers.
We implemented a two-way communication program in the rapid eye movement (REM) sleep verified by polysomnography of 36 subjects. Some people had rarely had lucid dreams before, others had frequent lucid dreams, and one was Patients with narcolepsy who often have lucid dreams. During REM sleep, these individuals exhibit different abilities, including real perceptual analysis of new information, maintaining information in working memory, calculating simple answers, and expressing willful answers. Their answers include unique eye movements and Selective facial muscle contractions were answered correctly 29 times in 6 subjects. These repeated observations of interactive dreams recorded by four independent laboratory teams proved that the phenomenological and cognitive features of dreams can be real-time Interrogation, this relatively unexplored communication channel can achieve various practical applications and provide a new strategy for the empirical exploration of dreams.
preface
Why do we dream? How do dreams come about? Is dreaming good for brain function? These and other questions have always been open, partly because of the limited options for peeking into the dream experience. Since our ability to form new memories in sleep is generally poor, and our ability to accurately keep the latest information in mind after the dream is over, the dream report given after waking up is often distorted or distorted. Fragmented.
As the retrospective report reveals, there is considerable ambiguity about the nature and timing of the experiences that may occur in dreams. The ability to communicate with dreamers in real time allows them to describe their experiences in dreams, which will greatly expand Scientifically explore the possibility of dream experience. Some research groups obtained hypothetical neural signals of dream content based on dream reports generated shortly after waking up. This neural decoding is a combination of electrical and cerebral hemodynamics to complete the image.
Horikawa and his colleagues studied the dream experience of stage hypnotic images. Dresler and colleagues studied dreams during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep; similarly, Siclari and colleagues used high-density scalp electro-encephalography. It shows that dream reports are related to well-known rare phenomena, and lucid dreams are rarely called arbitrarily, which makes it difficult for researchers to reliably capture attitudes in the laboratory.
Here, we report multiple examples of successful two-way communication in lucid dreams by four independent scientific teams in France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States. We use the results obtained by combining different strategies to confirm the phenomenon of interactive dreaming. Effectiveness, we have used several methods of communicating with dreams, as shown in Figure 1:
Figure 1 Overview of the experimental environment
IN (bottom left) refers to the method of transferring information from the experimenter to the dreamer.
OUT (lower right) refers to the method of transferring information from the dreamer to the experimenter. Three examples of dreams (color coding for each input method) are shown below, taken from the corresponding dream report obtained after awakening.
image
Awake dreamers can calculate mathematical operations according to instructions and answer "yes" or "no". Slow wave activity decreases after REM and non-rapid eye movement sleep phases. In addition, the scalp topographic map of 25-50HZ brain electrical activity is It is found to be consistent with the content of the dream, such as spatial experience and movement. If combined with real-time data on the subjective experience of dreaming, further research along these lines may provide more information.
When the dream is over and they enter a waking state, we no longer wait for them to tell us about the dream, but try to obtain evidence that it is possible to interview them while they are experiencing the dream. The goal of our experiment is similar to finding a way to talk to an astronaut in another world, but in this case, the world is completely fabricated based on the memory stored in the brain, proving this "interactive dreaming" The feasibility of "When the experimenter and the dreamer communicate in real time, it will be a big step to promote the progress of future dreaming research.
In a typical dream, people have a high degree of acceptance of their own experience and lack critical evaluation; they do not realize that their experience is just a dream. On the other hand, the difference between "lucid dreams" lies in the dreamer Obtained elusive insights in dreams, lucid dreams mainly occur during rapid eye movement sleep, and are accompanied by eye movement signals to indicate that the dreamer is aware that they are dreaming, or to convey other information, such as time-stamped dream events.
However, lucid dreaming is a problem, or distinguishing stimuli in visual, tactile and auditory ways, they are able to respond through voluntary control of the direction of the line of sight or different facial muscles. Participants are divided into three categories: (1) experienced lucid dreamers; (2) healthy people who have been trained to understand lucid dreaming with the least experience; (3) patients with narcolepsy, which is a kind of Nervous system disease characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, short-term lack of sleep, incubation period, rapid eye movement sleep period, and frequent lucid dreams. In all three participant categories, evidence of two-way communication was found during night sleep and during daytime naps.
In the past, Oudiette and Paller reviewed various strategies that affect the storage of dreams or memories during sleep. In this type of study, participants processed external cues while staying asleep, but did not communicate during sleep. Interestingly, a recent study by Strauss and De Hain focused on the response of EEG and Magneto-EEG to the arithmetic equations of radiation (addition, multiplication, or subtraction). It causes the differential response of N400 and P600 to the correct equation and the incorrect equation, but it is almost absent during N2 and REM sleep. This leads the author to the following conclusion: "The explicit calculation of the arithmetic result will be lost during sleep." If you ask a math question instead, can a sleeping person answer it?
Contemporary research on sensory stimulation in sleep, with notable exceptions, is basically carried out without causing a volitional response in sleep. For example, in many studies, researchers use personal names and other stimuli to study the electrical response of the brain during sleep, but there is no interaction that can be explained as two-way communication. Although the idea of interacting with sleeping people may seem strange, the legitimacy of this phenomenon is strongly supported by the following examples of successful two-way communication.
result
As described below, each of the four research groups used a number of different processes to establish two-way communication. In each case, standard polysomnography methods were used to verify REM sleep, and sensory stimuli were used to convey the problem to dreaming. Of the participants, many participants first had a pre-arranged eye response (a series of left and right eye signals), indicating that they were experiencing a lucid dream.
Importantly, our procedures involve training before bedtime and the same types of sensory stimulation used during sleep, and we also include training in the use of coping methods. Note that given the amount of work required to convert answers into signals, automatic responses are unlikely. Participants usually practice receiving questions from the experimenter and generating answers in the form of physiological signals based on facial or eye movements. However, the participants did not know what specific questions would be asked of them during sleep, so the subsequent communication during sleep is always novel.
The data in Figure 2 comes from a 19-year-old American participant who had only experienced two lucid dreams before. During the 90-minute daytime nap that was about to begin in the REM sleep period, he was prompted by a voice that he had performed three sets of left and right eye movements (called LRLRLR) in a lucid dream. Then, we asked an oral math problem: 8-6, within 3 s, he responded with two left and right eye movements (LRLR) to indicate the correct answer 2, and then repeated the math problem, and then he produced correct answer. Note that the subject was instructed to perform eye movements quickly at the maximum horizontal scan, resulting in an EOG signal (in this case), which was significantly different from the typical eye movements during REM sleep.
Figure 2 Interactive dream (American group)
(A) Hypnotic image shows that REM sleep starts 68 minutes after sleep, and auditory cues will cause wakefulness, prompting twice (blue arrow), then a low sound, and then a longer REM cycle , 6 wakefulness signals (LRLRLR) have been performed since 69 minutes
(B) The left panel shows 5 cycles of arousal, corresponding to the gray arrow on the hypnosis chart, and the right panel shows the 30s REM segment, in which the last two awake signals (indicated by red asterisks) are followed by two instances of speech The stimulus "8 minus 6" (vertical line and red arrow), both times produced the correct answer 2 through the eye signal. After waking up, participants reported dreaming of their favorite video game: "I was in the parking lot at night, and then suddenly during the day, and I was in a video game. I thought, it might be a dream, and then something strange. I have lost control of all muscles, and blood is flowing in my ears." The experimenter asked him if he remembered hearing any math questions, how many he answered, what did he answer, and the subject said, "I miss me After hearing three questions, I answered "2" to all the questions, but I don't remember what the first one was, I only remember that the last one was "8 minus 6".
The following three other examples also record dreamers and experimenters in conversation. Figure 3 shows the results of a 35-year-old participant from Germany who was an experienced lucid dreamer who was observed to be awake during night REM sleep After the signal, we presented a visual stimulus composed of alternating colors, corresponding to the Morse coded mathematical problem "4-0", the participant gave the correct answer "4", using left and right eye movements (LRLRLRLR), in In describing the dream, he insisted that he heard the "4+0" message and responded accordingly.
Figure 3 Interactive Dream (German Group)
During REM sleep, participants were stimulated by the flashing of red and green LED indicators, conveying the mathematical problem of Morse code encoding.
(A) Hypnotic picture at night.
(B) The awake period during REM sleep (left) and the interactive dream period (right) correspond to the time indicated by the gray and red arrows in (A). The problem of "4 minus 0" appears, as shown in green, The answer "4" produced by the dreamer is obvious in the EOG signal. After waking up, the participants almost correctly recalled the problem, the dreamer’s dream state:'Treatment, maybe physical therapy, I am alone in the room. There is a big doctor’s sofa, shelf and sideboard in the middle of the room. The sofa is very strange. . When the lights started to flicker, the room appeared solid and stable. I recognized it as a flickering signal [Morse code] from the outside (4 plus 0), and reported the answer "4" through the eye diagram signal. I was looking for a flashing tool, and then I found a round bowl filled with water. The water flashed (like an aquarium light turned on and off). I saw a signal again, but I couldn’t recognize it. The bowl was broken. It was because I accidentally let it fall when I tried to decode the flash. I left the room, trying to find something that might flicker, then went outside and looked at the clouds. It was low sunlight and light gray clouds. I couldn't see the change in brightness. The clouds drifted by quickly, but unfortunately , I can't distinguish a flickering signal, the decoding speed is too fast, but I know this is a math problem. "
Figure 4 shows the results of narcolepsy and extraordinary dreaming ability of a 20-year-old French participant. Due to narcolepsy, about 1 minute after taking a 20-minute nap during the day, he quickly entered a state of REM sleep, and 5 minutes later he gave a wakeful signal. We asked him the yes/no question verbally. He answered the question correctly using facial muscle contraction (the zygomatic muscle represents yes, the frown muscle represents no). In a separate analysis of facial contractions in lucid dreams, we never observed The response when there is no stimulus.
Figure 4 Interactive Dreams (French Group)
(A) Hypnotic diagram showing the daytime naps of narcolepsy patients, and the red arrow indicates the beginning of the yes-no problem period. Before going to bed, the participants were instructed to contract the zygomatic muscles twice to indicate "yes" and the fructus muscles twice to indicate "no".
(B) The results of polysomnography record the wake-up time (left) and REM sleep time from the beginning of the "yes/no" problem period (right). The first question was answered correctly ("no" signal) and the next question was answered, but the answer was considered ambiguous, and three other questions were asked, answering four of these five questions in total. The facial EMG activity observed after a question is very small, two answers are considered correct, two answers are ambiguous, and there is no facial EMG activity outside the stimulation period. The dream report after waking up is as follows: "In my dream, I was attending a party and I heard you asking questions. I heard your voice, as if you were a god, and the voice came from outside, just like the narration of a movie. . I heard you asking if I like chocolate, if I am studying biology and if I can speak Spanish, I am not sure how to answer the last one because I don't speak fluent Spanish, but I have some ideas. Finally, I decided to answer "No" and return to the party. "
Figure 5 shows the results of a 26-year-old participant from the Netherlands, which was implied by auditory and visual cues during a 134-minute nap, although the participant did not give a clear signal before the two-way communication attempt (hence from the final number of attempts) The experiment was ruled out in ), but she still answered two math questions correctly, three math questions incorrectly, and reported a clear dream upon awakening. In this example, we posed the oral math question "1 plus 2", and about 14 seconds later, she sent out an eye signal to indicate that the answer was "3".
Figure 5 Interactive dream (Dutch group)
(A) Hypnotic picture of a nap. The blue arrow indicates the third occurrence of lucid dream-induced auditory and visual cues. We managed 24 math problems, but because REM sleep is highly dispersed and there is no dream awakening, many stages of N1 enter and cause movement (the bottom is in red Said), so we avoid immediately awakening the participant’s dream report.
(B) Wake-up cycle with LRLRLR signal (left side in A, gray arrow) and REM cycle (right side in A, red arrow), the math problem (1 plus 2) in this example is the seventh problem , Followed by the correct eye movement response (3). Dream report: "In my dream, I thought'I must remember things'. When I was dreaming, I heard voices and heard you talking. I sat in the car, and then I got a job. I also successfully performed a sum calculation for myself. I am very proud to hear the news and realize that I am dreaming." Participants pointed out that the math problem is "like a radio in a car."
Our general method is to wake up participants’ sleep after successful two-way communication to obtain dream reports. The physiological records shown in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 record the basics of communication between the experimenter and the dreamer. evidence. These records recorded (1) REM sleep during the communication period, by the experimenter and a group of independent experts; (2) the time stamp of the experimenter's query; (3) the follow-up signal of the participant's correct answer, and the recorded communication The corresponding relationship with the dream report can be used as a supplementary basis for participants to participate in the exchange voluntarily.
In fact, participants usually report that they received questions from the experimenter in their dreams, however, after some dreams, the exchanged events were not recalled or recalled distortedly. Interestingly, the subjects reported that some signals were received as if they were coming from outside the dream or superimposed on the dream, while other signals were transmitted through the components of the dream. For example, when some words are heard, it is as if they are broadcast on the radio or delivered by means available in dreams. In addition, the communication details recalled in the dream are sometimes different from those recorded in the dream. For example, the math question reported by the participants is different from the one given, or the answer is different from the registered answer. This disagreement emphasizes the difficulty of relying solely on dream reports to study dreams. The transition to the awake state and the elapsed time may help produce a dream report, which does not always truly reflect what happened in the dream. thing.
A total of 36 people participated in our two-way communication protocol. Table 1 summarizes the different procedures and results of the four teams. In total, we tried 57 times to conduct two-way communication during REM sleep (for the teams in the United States, France and the Netherlands) , Each nap is counted as one). In 26% of these protocols, participants successfully signaled that they were in lucid dreams. Among these signal-verified lucid dreams, 47% of them received at least the correct answer to the experimental query. In lucid dreams, we tried 158 times to communicate with the dreamer.
Table 2 provides the classification of results. In all teams, we observed 18.4% of the correct answers to these trials; independent experts unanimously rated 26 of these 29 trials with polysomnography scores to indicate REM sleep, In another 17.7% of trials, expert raters disagreed with declassified answers (in 9 of the trials, two raters considered no answers), and in 3.2% of trials, wrong answers were produced. The most common result was lack of Response (60.1% of the test).
When attempting two-way communication during REM sleep, we observed the correct response twice without previous wakefulness signals, but the subsequent dream report described the wakefulness experience (an example is in Figure 5), in 379 trials , We tried two communication methods, that is, when there is no wakefulness signal during sleep, and there is no subsequent dream report about wakefulness (32 trials in the United States; 347 trials in Germany). In the sexual REM sleep test, we observed 1 correct response, 1 wrong response, 11 ambiguous responses and 366 non-response tests. The fact that response signals are extremely rare during non-awake REM sleep and during these communication attempts during periods when two-way communication is not attempted further proves our position that the correct signal is not false, but reflects successful cases in lucid dreams Communication.
discuss
We show four independent examples in Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5. These examples successfully realized the dialogue between the experimenter and the dreamer. The procedures used by each group were slightly different, but all the findings were similar. Yu unanimous. In order to establish a real-time dialogue between the experimenter and the dreamer during REM sleep, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, our findings refute the common belief that communicating with sleeping people to gain knowledge about their dreams It is meaningless, and it is believed that they cannot respond in any meaningful way while staying asleep. On the contrary, the set of results described here constitutes a proof of the concept of two-way communication during sleep, thus opening the door to new ways of scientifically exploring dreams.
Before accepting these findings, it is important to thoroughly evaluate the evidence. First, consider whether these episodes occurred completely during REM sleep. In other words, to what extent can we confirm that the participant was asleep when the assumed communication occurred? Our method relies on the standard criteria of contemporary sleep research to score sleep physiology, which confirms the REM sleep state in these two-way communication examples. We also rely on the comprehensive evaluation of the data by three sleep experts, who provided unbiased scores of the polysomnography data and used standard criteria to confirm the interval of REM sleep.
The ambiguous answer in the figure is related to the STAR method.
A. An example of a mathematical experiment is classified as an "ambiguity answer". The raters agreed to give one answer, but they disagreed with the number of answers. After waking up, the dreamer said: "I remember one of the problems. At that time, I thought there was something in my mind. I don't remember the details. I only remember that I was solving a math problem with my eyes."
B. Another mathematics The experimental example was classified as "ambiguity answer", and two raters said it was possible to answer, and two raters said there was no answer. After waking up, the participants reported, “I’m still trying to fall asleep and did hear you do some calculations, but I still feel that I’m awake, and I do have a feeling that I’ve been lying here for a long time. No, I don’t think I’m dreaming, it’s my feeling, so I don’t think I realized it. I did hear your voice several times, yes, but just before someone wakes me up. I hear you The backstage spoke a little quietly, but it was when I was lying in bed, so it was not in a dream or something. I heard a calculation, but I don’t remember the numbers in it."
However, the traditional physiological standards widely used and accepted in contemporary research and clinical settings may be improved in the future, thereby changing the definition of sleep. In addition, some people may raise the possibility that some parts of the brain may be in REM sleep, while other parts are not in REM sleep. Some aspects of REM sleep physiology are similar to the waking state and Stage N1 (the first stage of non-REM sleep) is when hypnotic hallucinations can be observed. Speculatively, the three stages of REM, N1 and wakefulness may appear in different brain regions at the same time. Although sleep researchers have speculated on the concept of partial sleep, the mixed sleep stage has not been introduced into the standard analysis of sleep physiology. The analysis of detailed spectral components of sleep signals may stimulate the development of fine-grained classification schemes for sleep stages. In fact, current methods and results may help to explore this possibility in the future.
The limitation of the programs we use is that they do not always produce interactive dreams. In some cases, sensory gating or competition from endogenous events may prevent participants from perceiving the stimulus and its meaning, otherwise the meaning may be distortion. Or, stimulation may cause arousal from sleep, or people may wake up when trying eye signals. These problems are common in the course of this research, but we can avoid these pitfalls many times. Other researchers have explored pharmacological methods to stabilize REM sleep, and we encourage more efforts to produce other strategies to optimize the program. Interestingly, sobriety may be trivial, because the individual can transition from waking dreams to believing that the second experience is a waking experience, and then back again. This research does not allow us to formally compare the possibility of two-way communication in lucid dreams and non-lucid dreams, because our goal is to communicate in lucid dreams. Solving this problem is an exciting challenge for future research.
(Picture Dutch team program, related to STAR method. A: Experimental program for night and morning nap protocol. B: Prompt and math problem management program.)
Previous research has created conditions for interactive dreams in important ways, but here we have surpassed previous records. We proved that it is possible to perceive and answer complex questions during sleep, and that the dreamer can answer these questions correctly without knowing in advance what to ask. The experimenter confirmed the correct answer to our results through visual inspection, and then verified it when we independently evaluated the data to ensure that the judgment of the signal was fair. Our two-way communication program is different from the programs in the two studies. In both studies, a lucid professional dreamer knew exactly what stimuli to deliver and how to respond to them. These previous studies documented the smallest communication that can be achieved using only simple tones and shocks.
Similarly, in a study not related to lucid dreaming, Mazza and colleagues provided 20 nociceptive stimuli (5 millisecond laser pulses in the hands that produce painful thermal sensations during awakening) to patients with epilepsy during rapid eye movement sleep. ), she responded to 11 of the drugs with the same finger reaction as she did when she was awake. There was no sign that these stimuli were incorporated into the dream and there was no aftertaste after waking up. Should the transmission of even a small amount of information be regarded as a minimal form of communication? Also, does it matter whether the response is not voluntary? Communication may take many forms, but dialogue means a richer sense of communication. When the form of exchange is specified in advance, the dreamer’s response may first reflect their expectations and previous habits, thereby precluding conclusions about the ability to communicate during dreaming.
Figure French team program, the method of STAR. A: After the subjects used LRLR eye signals to indicate awakeness, we tried various ways of two-way communication. The first REM sleep period ended because of tone arousal. B: In order to communicate, the participants contracted facial muscles, and we recorded the signals through electromyography.
In our two-way communication example, a large amount of previously unknown information is passed in two-way communication between two individuals, just like in a conversation, so the current result (preliminary report admitted without peer review) represents A demonstration of novel information that is undetermined in two-way communication. In addition, considering the complexity and diversity of the questions asked, the results obtained during sleep combined with the dream report after sleep indicate that the signal generated in the dream is a voluntary answer.
It’s worth noting that we inferred that the participants demonstrated the cognitive abilities that they maintained when falling asleep in several ways. They were able to memorize the bedtime instructions on how to cope, and then apply them to novel, externally presented ones during sleep. Inquire. They perform working memory operations to perform mathematical calculations and access autobiographical memories about their waking lives. There may be cognitive limitations in dreamers, which may be due to inactivation of the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe during REM sleep.
It is true that people usually lack the analytical ability to recognize that they are dreaming, but here we provide evidence that many advanced cognitive abilities can participate in dreaming. Of course, the dream report itself indicates that a lot of cognitive activity is performed during sleep. However, it may be doubtful that only inferring cognitive ability from the dream report requires accepting that the dream report is true. Therefore, based on the experimenter’s response through real-time interrogation to infer that cognitive abilities belong to another category, interactive dreams provide a novel way to compare cognitive abilities with each other, because previously it was only when participants were awakened. Tasks performed (such as working memory tasks) can now be managed during REM sleep.
Figure German team program, related to the STAR method
For a long time, the standard view has been that sleeping people know nothing about the world around them, their consciousness is effectively shut down, and only the strongest stimuli are allowed, making understanding and meaningful dialogue impossible. Views must be updated. The integration of external stimuli into dreams has been documented at least as early as Aristotle. The data provided here emphasizes how the meaning transmitted during sleep affects the content of dreams. Sometimes the stimulus is seen as coming from outside the dream, but other times , The stimulus is derived from the elements of the dream and is contextualized in a way related to the ongoing dream content. Further research is needed to determine which factors affect the way the stimulus is perceived in the dream. Interactive dreams are unique in solving these problems. Status.
Our results also recorded reliable examples of sleep learning, for example, when the participant woke up after the process shown in Figure 2 and reported that he was asked to calculate the answer to a simple subtraction question, he was showing that he was sleeping With the information he learned, he obtained novel and specific knowledge in the form of plots. What is the oral problem of 8 minus 6? ——He recalled the reminiscence knowledge of declarative memory recorded verbatim. The main example of this explicit memory is in stark contrast to previous reports on new learning in sleep, because the proven acquisition of new information is limited to Regulation and basic perceptual learning.
The correct and incorrect answers are related to the STAR method.
A: An example that is classified as "correct". The dreamer wakes up and reports: "I can't remember anything visually. I'm singing a song, or it lingers in my head like a song. The experimenter asked them if they heard a sound while sleeping Or math questions, what are these questions, and how they answer them. Participants said: "I remember 5 minus 2. I don't remember the other one. "
B ,: is classified as a" incorrect "examples of experimental mathematics, scoring agree the answer is 3, but the correct answer is 5. After waking up, the dreamer reported:" I made a few nose authenticity Checked, and awake, I gave LR, Christopher asked me through the walkie-talkie if it was an eye signal, and I gave LR. A researcher walked into the room and gave me a high-five. Because everything was great, I wanted to know why he woke me up from a lucid dream. "The dreamer did not report receiving or answering any math questions.
The interactive dreaming process (such as the process recorded here) can be adjusted to promote many potential applications, that is, dreams can be planned according to personal goals, such as practicing music or motor skills. Previous research has shown that dreaming about facts or skills that people are trying to learn may be related to improving performance. Dreams can also provide a unique opportunity to reduce the impact of emotional trauma.
Therefore, reminders can be designed in advance to affect the content of the dream, or modified according to the preferences of the dreamer who signals in the dream. In addition, interactive dreams can also be used to solve problems and promote creativity, and creativity can be achieved through a kind of interaction This method can combine the creative advantage of dreams with the logical advantage of awakening. Artists and writers may also be inspired by sleep communication.
The use of interactive dreaming can be beneficial to explore the scientific research on dreaming and sleep. Specific cognitive and perceptual tasks can be presented by softly speaking, thereby allocating new areas for research. In fact, this method will overcome the traditional difficulties of being unable to conduct rigorous scientific investigations of dream functions, that is, lack of access and control over the time and content of dreams. If we can ask people about the content of the dream, then we can suggest changes in the content of the dream and monitor concurrent brain activity. The events that occur in the dream can also be used to quantify the degree to which the dream report is distorted.
The reaction in the picture tactile task is related to the STAR method. Examples of tactile task responses that are considered correct, incorrect, and ambiguous.
In addition, new ways to promote health can be explored, and neural decoding methods can also be applied in various creative ways. Based on the current results, we suggest that future studies may consider using a shorter sleep interval (to avoid part of the interval is to perform rapid eye movement through two-way communication, and then wake up, and require the entire interval to be designated as wake-up, because sometimes it occurs in In our research), through two-way communication with dreamers, we can solve many unsolved mysteries about the phenomenological experience of sleepers (for example, by asking how much time has passed since the last query to explore the entire sleep cycle It is possible to modify various aspects of cognitive neuroscience experiments and apply them to interactive dreams, perhaps opening up new ways to solve basic problems related to consciousness.
All in all, we have proved that two-way communication with dreamers is a reproducible phenomenon across different participant groups, lucid dream induction technology and communication paradigm, and these efforts have finally formed what we call "interactive dreams." We have known for a long time that cognition and consciousness are not shut down during sleep, but our results now broaden the opportunity to gaze at sleepy thoughts from experience, the emergence of interactive dreams (obtain real-time information about dreams and modify dreams). New opportunities for the process) may usher in a new era in the study of sleep and sleep mysteries.
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