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Iceberg theory
It is an important theory in Satya’s family therapy. It is actually a metaphor. It means that a person’s "self" is like an iceberg. What we can see is only a small part of the surface-behavior, and a larger part But the inner world is hidden in a deeper level, invisible, just like an iceberg. Including seven levels of behavior, coping style, feeling, viewpoint, expectation, desire, and self.
concept
Virginia Satir is the name of a woman, the most influential chief psychotherapist in the United States, and it also represents a growth model named after Virginia Satir. According to Satya's theory, a person and his native family are inextricably linked, and this connection may affect his life.
Satya uses a very vivid metaphor: This is like a huge iceberg floating on the water. The behavior or coping style that can be seen by the outside world is only a small part of it exposed on the water, only about eighth. Once exposed to the surface, the other seven-eighths are hidden under the water. The larger mountain under the water surface is the "inner" that has been suppressed for a long time and ignored by us. Uncovering the secrets of the iceberg, we will see the desires, expectations, opinions and feelings in life, and see the true self.
The content
of iceberg metaphor Satya's iceberg metaphor theory mainly includes seven levels, from top to next, behavior, coping style, feeling, viewpoint, expectation, desire, and self.
1. Behavior----action, story content
2. Coping style-----posture
(including pleasing, accusing, super-sensible, interrupting, and being consistent)
3. Feeling
(joy, excitement, fascination, anger, hurt, Fear, sadness, sadness, etc.)
Feelings-why do you have such feelings
(decisions about feelings)
4. Viewpoints-beliefs, assumptions, subjective reality, thoughts, ideas, values
(beliefs, assumptions, preset positions , Subjective reality, cognition)
5. Expectation-expectations for oneself, for others, from others
(for oneself, for others, from others)
6. Desire-love, acceptance, belonging, creativity, connection , Freedom, etc.
(common to all human beings: being loved, recognized, accepted, recognized, purposeful, meaning, freedom)
7. Myself: Who am I---------Spirituality, Soul, Life Energy, Essence, Core, Existence
(Vitality, Spirit, Spirituality, Core, Essence)
method of execution
The application method of the iceberg theory is very simple, that is, use 7 pieces of paper to write down the root problems in turn. Then place them on the ground one by one, let the visitor stand on the "personal behavior", do the necessary relaxation, let him clearly feel the problems that are surrounding him at the moment; let him walk to the "feeling" and ask him what he has done in doing so Feeling; after reaching the goal, let him go to the "feeling feeling" and ask him why he has such feelings;.... The steps are not fixed, but you have to go to "self" in the end. The subtlety of this process is that it allows people to understand the root cause of the problem, and then make a choice based on who they are.
The Satya model uses the iceberg metaphor to explore people's different levels of self, and advocates working on all levels of experience. Encourage people to turn their attention to their inner processes instead of just focusing on the content, and bring them into awareness, and transform these hidden views, beliefs, feelings and expectations into positive energy. [1]
Academic papers
汪寿阳，敖敬宁，乔晗等. 基于知识管理的商业模式冰山理论． 《 管理评论 》 ， 2015
柳东林. "冰山理论"与海明威的小说创作． 《 CNKI 》 ， 2001
张有根. 谈高职学生隐性职业素质培养路径——基于"素质冰山理论"视角． 《 CNKI 》 ， 2011
钱平. 依据"素质冰山理论"谈中职学生职业素养的培养． 《 CNKI;WanFang 》 ， 2010
袁海燕. "冰山理论"对成人学习力的启示． 《 高等函授学报:哲学社会科学版 》 ， 2007