1. pip install openpyxl library
pip3 install openpyxl
2. When you start using openpyxl, you don't need to create a file in the file system, just import the workbook class:
from openpyxl import Workbook
If you only read file data, you can choose to load only:
from openpyxl import load_workbook
Or directly import the entire openpyxl package:
import openpyxl
3. Load the Excel file into memory and get its workbook object
class ParseExcel():
def __init__(self):
self.workBook = None
self.excelFile = None
self.font = Font(color=None)
self.RGBdict = {
"red":"FFFF3030","GREEN":"FF008B00"}
def loadWorkBook(self,excelPathAndName):
# 将Excel文件加载到内存，并获取其workbook对象
try:
self.workBook = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelPathAndName)
except Exception as e:
raise e
self.excelFile = excelPathAndName
return self.workBook
4. Get the sheet object according to the sheet name
def getSheetByName(self,sheetName):
# 根据sheet名获取该sheet对象
try:
# sheet1 = self.workBook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName) 该调用方法已经弃用
self.sheet = self.workBook[sheetName]
return self.sheet
except Exception as e:
raise e
5. Get the sheet name according to the index number
def getSheetByIndex(self,sheetIndex):
# 根据sheet的索引号获取该sheet名称
try:
#只获取到sheet名称，不能获取该sheet对象
sheetname = self.workBook.sheetnames[sheetIndex]
return sheetname
except Exception as e:
raise e
6. Get all the sheet names of the workbook object and return a list
def getAllSheetNames(self):
# 获取workbook对象所有的sheet名称，返回列表
try:
return self.workBook.sheetnames
except Exception as e:
raise e
7. Get the maximum row number of the data area in the sheet
def getRowsNumber(self,sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的结束行号
return sheet.max_row
8. Get the smallest row number of the data area in the sheet
def getStartRowNumber(self,sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的开始的行号
return sheet.min_row
9. Get the maximum column number of the data area in the sheet
def getColumnsNumber(self,sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的结束列号
return sheet.max_column
10. Get the smallest column number of the data area in the sheet
def getStartColumnNumber(self,sheet):
# 获取sheet中有数据区域的开始的列号
return sheet.min_column
11. Get the value of a row in the sheet and return the list object
def getRowValue(self,sheet,rowNumber):
# 下表从1开始，sheet.rows[1]表示一行
try:
# return sheet.rows[rowNumber-1] 因为sheet.rows是生成器类型，不能使用索引
# 转换成list之后在使用索引,list(sheet.rows)[2]这样就能获取到第二行的tuple对象
# 获取sheet中某一行，返回的是这一行所有数据内容对象组成tuple
tuple = list(sheet.rows)[rowNumber-1]
# 用list接收该行的值，返回列表对象
rowDate = []
for i in tuple:
rowDate.append(i.value)
return rowDate
except Exception as e:
raise e
Passing parameters: sheet object, line number 1:
rowDate = e.getRowValue(sheet,1)
print(rowDate)
Return the data of the first row of the sheet:
['编号', '需求编号', '需求名称', '开发负责人', '是否提测', '小机房环境测试情况', '生产环境测试情况', '备注']
12. Get the value of a column in the sheet and return the list object
def getColValue(self, sheet, colNumber):
# 获取sheet中某一列，返回的是这一列所有数据内容组成的tuple
# 元组中的元素为cell对象，元素.value为该元素的值
# 下标从1开始，sheet.columns[1]表示第一列
try:
tuple = list(sheet.columns)[colNumber-1]
# 用list接受该列值，返回列表对象
colDate = []
for i in tuple:
colDate.append(i.value)
return colDate
except Exception as e:
raise e
Passing parameters: sheet object, column number 1:
colDate = e.getColValue(sheet,1)
print(colDate)
Return a list of column values:
['编号', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]
13. Get the value in the cell according to the row and column position index or coding coordinates of the cell, and the subscript starts from 1
def getCellOfValue(self,sheet,coordinate=None,rowNumber=None,colNumber=None):
# 根据单元格所在的位置索引获取该单元格中的值，下标从1开始
# sheet.cell(row=1,column=1).value,表示excel中的第一行第一列的值
if coordinate is not None:
try:
return sheet[coordinate].value
except Exception as e:
raise e
elif coordinate is None and rowNumber is not None and colNumber is not None:
try:
return sheet.cell(row=rowNumber,column=colNumber).value
except Exception as e:
raise e
else:
raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinate of cell!")
通过单元格编码坐标获取值：
# 通过单元格坐标获取值
value = e.getCellOfValue(sheet,coordinate="A1")
print(value)
编号
Process finished with exit code 0
Get the value of the cell by the row and column number:
# 通过行列号获取value
value = e.getCellOfValue(sheet,rowNumber=1,colNumber=2)
print(value)
需求编号
Process finished with exit code 0
14. Write data to the cell according to the coding coordinates or numeric index coordinates (row and column number) of the cell in Excel:
def writeCell(self,sheet,content,coordinate=None,rowNumber=None,colNumber=None,style=None):
# 根据单元格在Excel中的编码坐标或者数字索引坐标向单元格中写入数据，下标从1开始
# 参数style表示字体的颜色的名字，如red，green
if coordinate is not None:
try:
sheet[coordinate].value = content
if style is not None:
sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).font = Font(color=self.RGBdict[style])
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
except Exception as e:
raise e
elif coordinate is None and rowNumber is not None and colNumber is not None:
try:
sheet.cell(row=rowNumber,column=colNumber).value = content
if style is not None:
sheet.cell(row=rowNumber,column=colNumber).font = Font(color=self.RGBdict[style])
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
print("保存成功！")
except Exception as e:
raise e
else:
raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinate of cell!")
通过编码坐标向单元格中写入数据：
# 先获取到要写入数据的sheet2对象
sheet2 = e.getSheetByName(sheetName="empty")
content = "这是写入的内容"
e.writeCell(sheet2,content,coordinate="A1")
写入成功！
Process finished with exit code 0
Write data to the cell by number index coordinates, the subscript starts from 1:
sheet2 = e.getSheetByName(sheetName="empty")
content = "hello world!"
e.writeCell(sheet2,content,rowNumber=1,colNumber=2)
写入成功！
Process finished with exit code 0
Pay special attention to the fact that you must close the file first when writing data to the file, otherwise an error will be reported:
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\客户需求测试情况.xlsx'
15. In the same way, you can also write the current time into the cell, and the number index subscript starts from 1:
def writeCellCurrentTime(self,sheet,coordinate=None,rowNumber=None,colNumber=None):
# 写入当前时间，下标从1开始
localTime = time.localtime(time.time())
currentTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S",localTime)
if coordinate is not None:
try:
sheet[coordinate].value = currentTime
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
print("保存成功！")
except Exception as e:
raise e
elif coordinate is None and rowNumber is not None and colNumber is not None:
try:
sheet.cell(row=rowNumber,column=colNumber).value = currentTime
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
print("保存成功！")
except Exception as e:
raise e
Write to the cell by coding coordinates:
e.writeCellCurrentTime(sheet2,coordinate="C1")
Write to the cell by number index subscript:
e.writeCellCurrentTime(sheet2,rowNumber=1,colNumber=4)
16. Add a row of data to the sheet. The data can be lists, tuples, range objects, dictionaries, generators, etc.:
def appendDate(self,sheet,content):
# sheet页追加一行数据，参数可以是列表、元组、range对象、字典、生成器
try:
sheet.append(content)
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
print("保存成功！")
except Exception as e:
raise e
Write dictionary data:
content = {
"A":1,"B":2,"D":4,"F":5,"G":6}
e.appendDate(sheet2,content)
17. Insert data in the specified row:
def insertDate(self,sheet,content,rowNumber=-1):
'''sheet页中在对应行插入数据'''
try:
# 在对应行号插入空行，插入的空行索引号变为rowNumber值
sheet.insert_rows(rowNumber)
# 取出content中的元素写入到对应的单元格中
for index,content_value in enumerate(content):
sheet.cell(row=rowNumber, column=index+1).value = content_value
self.workBook.save(self.excelFile)
print("数据写入成功！")
except Exception as e:
raise e
Passing parameters: sheet object, content to be written in content, row number index:
content = ["q","w","e","r","t","y"]
e.insertDate(sheet2,content,rowNumber=2)
