| classification | name | concept | typical application |
|---|---|---|---|
| Data flow style (all data advances in the execution process in the form of flow-pipeline) | Batch sequence | Each step of batch processing is independent, and each step is executed sequentially. Only after the current step is processed can the next step be processed. The data is transferred as a whole between steps. | 1. Classic data processing 2. Program development 3. BAT program under Windows |
| Pipes/filters | In this architecture, each component has a set of inputs and outputs. The component reads the input data stream, undergoes internal processing, and then generates an output data stream. This style of particularly important filter must be an independent entity, it cannot share data with other filters, and a filter does not know its upstream and downstream identifiers. | Programs written in the UNIX shell | |
| Call/return style (using call-return is actually a divide-and-conquer strategy, the main idea is to decompose a large complex system into some subsystems in order to reduce complexity and increase modifiability) | Main program/subprogram | This style generally uses single-threaded control and divides the problem into several processing steps. The components are the main program and the subroutine. Subroutines can usually be combined into modules. As an interaction mechanism, procedure call acts as a connector. The calling relationship is hierarchical, and its semantic logic is expressed as the correctness of the subroutine, which depends on the correctness of the subroutine it calls. | |
| Object-oriented style | This style is built on the basis of data abstraction and object-oriented. The representation methods of data and their corresponding operations are encapsulated in an abstract data type or object. The components of this style are objects, or instances of abstract data types. An object is a component called a manager because it is responsible for maintaining the integrity of resources. Objects interact through the calls of functions and procedures. | ||
| Hierarchical style | The hierarchical system is organized into a hierarchical structure, and each layer serves as the upper layer and serves as the lower layer customer. | ||
| Independent component style (The independent component style mainly emphasizes that each component in the system is a relatively independent individual, and they do not communicate directly to reduce coupling and improve flexibility.) | Process communication | The component is an independent process, and the connector is message passing. The characteristic of this style is that the component is usually a naming process, and the way of message delivery can be point-to-point, asynchronous and synchronous, and remote procedure calls. | |
| Event system | The idea of the event system style based on the implicit call style of events is that the component does not directly call a process, but triggers or broadcasts one or more events. Processes in other components in the system are registered in one or more events. When an event is triggered, the system automatically calls all processes registered in this event. In this way, the triggering of an event leads to a process in another module. Call. | Implicit call (the trigger of the event does not know which components will be affected by these events) | |
| Virtual machine style (The basic idea of virtual machine style is to artificially construct a running environment, on which some custom languages can be parsed and run, so as to increase the flexibility of the architecture) | Interpreter | An interpreter usually includes an interpretation engine that completes the interpretation work, a storage area that contains the code to be interpreted, a data structure that records the current working status of the interpretation engine, and a data structure that records the progress of the source code being interpreted and executed. | The interpreter is usually used to build a virtual machine to bridge the difference between program semantics and hardware semantics. The disadvantage is that the execution efficiency is low. The classic example is the expert system. |
| Rule-centered | The rule-based system includes rule sets, rule interpreters, rule/data selectors and working memory. | ||
| Warehouse style (In the repository style, there are two different components: the central data structure describes the current state, the independent components are executed on the central data storage, and the interaction between the warehouse and external components will change greatly in the system .) | database system | There are two main types of components, one is the central shared data source, which saves the current system data state; the other is multiple independent processing elements, which operate on data elements. | |
| Hypertext system | Early static web pages | ||
| Blackboard system | It is suitable for solving complex and unstructured problems, and can comprehensively use a variety of different knowledge sources in the solving process, making it easier to express, organize and solve the problem | Signal processing areas, such as speech and pattern recognition. Another application is loosely coupled proxy data sharing access. |
Note:
1. A company has implemented a specific programming language for its hardware product design. In order to facilitate software development by developers, the company plans to develop an integrated development environment for the programming language, including code editing, syntax highlighting, Code compiling, running and debugging functions. In view of the above description, the integrated development environment should adopt the most appropriate data warehouse architecture style.
2.某公司拟开发一套在线游戏系统，该系统的设计目标之一是支持用户自行定义游戏对象属性，行为和对象之间的交互关系。为了实现上述目标，公司应该采用解释器架构风格最为合适。
3.某公司拟开发了个轿车巡航定速系统，系统需要持续测量车辆当前的实时速度，并根据设定的期望速度启动控制轿车的油门和刹车。针对上述需求，采用过程控制架构风格最为合适。
4.某公司拟开发一个语音识别系统，其语音识别的主要过程包括分割原始语音信号、识别因素、产生候选词、判定语法片段、提供语义解释等，每个过程都需要进行基于先验只是的条件判断并进行相应的识别动作。针对该系统的特点，采用黑板架构风格最为合适。
5.某公司你开发一个地面清洁机器人。机器人的控制着首先定义清洁任务和任务之间的关系，机器人接受任务后，需要响应外界环境中触发的一些突发事件，根据自身状态进行动态调整，最终自动完成任务。针对上述需求，该机器人应该采用规则系统架构风格最为合适。