1. Background
Since most of the company's server operating systems are more suitable for use as a server's minimal installation version of centos, this version does not have a gcc-c++ compilation environment by default, and you cannot use make to compile when you need to install source package software, which is very inconvenient. And the servers are basically intranets, unable to connect to the external network, and can only be installed offline. This article uses centos6.5 to install gcc-c++ offline. The installation of other versions of centos is also the same, but the required package version is different.
The overall idea is to download the rpm package from the external network and install it offline from the internal network.
2. Get the rpm package
There are many ways to obtain packages. We choose to use yum -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp gcc-c++ to download the required rpm package and required dependencies to the local /tmp directory for storage.
Centos6.5 minimal installation does not have --downloadonly by default, you need to install the plugin yum-plugin-downloadonly first.
First, prepare a server that is consistent with the target server version and can be connected to the external network with a minimal installation. It can be a virtual machine created by VMware as our workstation. If you are engaged in server operation and maintenance for a long time, it is recommended to keep a virtual machine to download various rpm packages, so as to avoid the pain of finding various rpm packages and related dependencies on image files or websites.
There is no requirement for virtual machine configuration, mine is as follows:
Complete the basic configuration of the virtual machine (network, yum source, yum-plugin-downloadonly, etc.), and take a snapshot to facilitate subsequent restoration of the virtual machine to its initial state. Make sure that the virtual machine has not installed gcc-c++, otherwise downloadonly will not be able to download the rpm package. Then you can directly use the command to download the rpm package. as follows:
[root@study ~]# gcc -v
-bash: gcc: command not found
[root@study ~]# yum -y install yum-downloadonly
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
extras | 3.7 kB 00:00
updates | 3.7 kB 00:00
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package yum-plugin-downloadonly.noarch 0:1.1.30-14.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
yum-plugin-downloadonly noarch 1.1.30-14.el6 base 20 k
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package(s)
Total download size: 20 k
Installed size: 21 k
Downloading Packages:
yum-plugin-downloadonly-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch.rpm | 20 kB 00:00
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Retrieving key from http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE:
Userid: "CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <[email protected]>"
From : http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : yum-plugin-downloadonly-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch 1/1
Verifying : yum-plugin-downloadonly-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch 1/1
Installed:
yum-plugin-downloadonly.noarch 0:1.1.30-14.el6
Complete!
[root@study ~]# yum -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp gcc-c++
Loaded plugins: downloadonly, fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel = 4.4.7-4.el6 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: gcc = 4.4.7-4.el6 for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.1()(64bit) for package: gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libgomp = 4.4.7-4.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.7-4.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgomp.so.1()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64
---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64
---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1.132.el6 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
---> Package libgomp.x86_64 0:4.4.7-4.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.132.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64
---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-431.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
================================================================================================================================
Installing:
gcc-c++ x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 base 4.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
cloog-ppl x86_64 0.15.7-1.2.el6 base 93 k
cpp x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 base 3.7 M
gcc x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 base 10 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base 978 k
glibc-headers x86_64 2.12-1.132.el6 base 608 k
kernel-headers x86_64 2.6.32-431.el6 base 2.8 M
libgomp x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 base 118 k
libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.4.7-4.el6 base 1.6 M
mpfr x86_64 2.4.1-6.el6 base 157 k
ppl x86_64 0.10.2-11.el6 base 1.3 M
Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Install 11 Package(s)
Total download size: 26 M
Installed size: 59 M
Downloading Packages:
(1/11): cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:00
(2/11): cpp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 3.7 MB 00:02
(3/11): gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 10 MB 00:05
(4/11): gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 4.7 MB 00:02
(5/11): glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm | 978 kB 00:00
(6/11): glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm | 608 kB 00:00
(7/11): kernel-headers-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.rpm | 2.8 MB 00:01
(8/11): libgomp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 118 kB 00:00
(9/11): libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm | 1.6 MB 00:00
(10/11): mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm | 157 kB 00:00
(11/11): ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 1.3 MB 00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.5 MB/s | 26 MB 00:17
exiting because --downloadonly specified
[root@study ~]# ll /tmp/
总用量 26772
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 95248 7月 3 2011 cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3906116 11月 25 2013 cpp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 10567364 11月 25 2013 gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4946968 11月 25 2013 gcc-c++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1001012 11月 25 2013 glibc-devel-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 622736 11月 25 2013 glibc-headers-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2970072 11月 25 2013 kernel-headers-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 121064 11月 25 2013 libgomp-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1674172 11月 25 2013 libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 160772 7月 3 2011 mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1322280 7月 3 2011 ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 12月 16 23:32 yum.log
-rw-------. 1 root root 2689 12月 17 11:28 yum_save_tx-2020-12-17-11-28pFvIGs.yumtx
[root@study ~]# 3. Transfer all rpm packages to the /tmp directory of the intranet target server that needs to install gcc-c++, and use the command yum localinstall gcc-c++ /tmp/* to install offline
yum localinstall gcc-c++ /tmp/*