Hardware performance summary

CPU: frequency 3GHZ, one instruction cycle time, 0.3 nanoseconds.
CPU Cache L1: It takes 1 nanosecond, which is equivalent to 3 instruction cycles.
CPU Cahe L2: It takes 5 nanoseconds, which is equivalent to 15 instruction cycles.
CPU Cahe L3: It takes 13 nanoseconds, which is equivalent to 40 instruction cycles.
DDR3: Frequency 1.333GHZ, maximum memory reading speed per second 8GB/s. It takes 60 nanoseconds to read once, and about
180 instruction cycles (actually, multiple data will be cached in the CPU Cache at a time). The high time-consuming is not due to the slow speed of DDR3, but the long time-consuming transmission of the memory to the CPU.
DDR4: The frequency is 2.666GHZ, and the maximum memory reading speed per second is 16Gb/s.
SATA3: 7200 rpm, IOPS is only 64 (to avoid frequent reading and writing), the maximum reading is 45MB/s.
Samsung SSD: The maximum IOPS is 7600, the maximum read is 360MB/s, and the maximum write speed is 105Mb/s.