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1. Introduction
Everything comes from one sentence: Everything is an object
Second, what is a metaclass
Metaclass is the class used to instantiate the generated class.
Relationship: Metaclass—Instantiate—>Class (People)—Instantiate—>Object (obj)
class People:
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name=name
self.age=age
def say(self):
print('%s:%s' %(self.name,self.name))
How to get the object
obj=call class()
obj=People('egon',18)
print(type(obj))
if the class is also an object
People=call class(...)
查看内置的元类：
1、type是内置的元类
2、我们用class关键字定义的所有的类以及内置的类都是由元类type实例化产生
print(type(People))
print(type(int))
Three, analysis of class mechanism
Steps to create a class People with the class keyword
类有三大特征：
# 1、类名
class_name="People"
# 2、类的基类
class_bases=(object,)
# 3、执行类体代码拿到类的名称空间
class_dic={
}
class_body="""
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name=name
self.age=age
def say(self):
print('%s:%s' %(self.name,self.name))
"""
exec(class_body,{
},class_dic)
# print(class_dic)
# 4、调用元类
People=type(class_name,class_bases,class_dic)
Fourth, how to customize the class
class Mymeta(type): # 只有继承了type类的类才是元类
# 空对象,"People",(),{...}
def __init__(self,x,y,z):
print('run22222222222....')
print(self)
# print(x)
# print(y)
# print(z)
# print(y)
# if not x.istitle():
# raise NameError('类名的首字母必须大写啊！！！')
# 当前所在的类，调用类时所传入的参数
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
# 造Mymeta的对象
print('run1111111111.....')
# print(cls,args,kwargs)
# return super().__new__(cls,*args, **kwargs)
return type.__new__(cls,*args, **kwargs)
# People=Mymeta("People",(object,),{...})
调用Mymeta发生三件事，调用Mymeta就是type.__call__
1、先造一个空对象=>People,调用Mymeta类内的__new__方法
2、调用Mymeta这个类内的__init__方法，完成初始化对象的操作
3、返回初始化好的对象
Five, call
class Foo:
def __init__(self,x,y):
self.x=x
self.y=y
# obj,1,2,3,a=4,b=5,c=6
def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
print('===>',args,kwargs)
return 123
obj=Foo(111,222)
# print(obj) # obj.__str__
res=obj(1,2,3,a=4,b=5,c=6) # res=obj.__call__()
print(res)
应用：如果想让一个对象可以加括号调用，
需要在该对象的类中添加一个方法__call__
总结：
对象()->类内的__call__
类()->自定义元类内的__call__
自定义元类()->内置元类__call__
Six, the call of the custom meta-class control class = the generation of the object of the class
class Mymeta(type): # 只有继承了type类的类才是元类
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 1、Mymeta.__call__函数内会先调用People内的__new__
people_obj=self.__new__(self)
# 2、Mymeta.__call__函数内会调用People内的__init__
self.__init__(people_obj,*args, **kwargs)
# print('people对象的属性：',people_obj.__dict__)
people_obj.__dict__['xxxxx']=11111
# 3、Mymeta.__call__函数内会返回一个初始化好的对象
return people_obj
class People(metaclass=Mymeta):
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name=name
self.age=age
def say(self):
print('%s:%s' %(self.name,self.name))
def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
# 产生真正的对象
return object.__new__(cls)