Blockchain structure model
Block chains can be divided into public chains, private chains and alliance chains.
1. The public chain is completely open to the outside world, any node can join, there is no identity authentication, after joining, you can read data, compete for new blocks, send confirmation transactions, etc., and its reading permissions are open, completely decentralized, and have no permissions The limit.
Blockchain nodes are geographically dispersed and have different morphological structures. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the operation of the consensus mechanism and ensure the safe storage of data. Data security is achieved through digital encrypted storage, and the consensus mechanism needs to be maintained through a reward mechanism. Each node maintains the consensus mechanism by contributing workload to obtain monetary rewards.
The problem does not apply to the following scenarios:
- The public chain data is open to the entire network and is not applicable to all industries. For example, banks, governments, and securities cannot make the entire network data public.
- The speed of processing transactions is slow and has been declining because it requires the participation of the entire network of nodes. Too many participating nodes affect the speed of processing transactions and lead to low efficiency. This problem exists in both Bitcoin and Ethereum.
- The public chain involves issuing coins and requires ICO, but ICO is now a sensitive topic prohibited by governments.
2. The private chain restricts access to reading or opening to the outside world, and only designated nodes can participate in voting, accounting, and block building. The number of nodes is fixed, the transaction speed is fast, the degree of privacy maintenance is high, the transaction cost is low, and it is not easy to be maliciously attacked. Information sharing is poor, you are used to build a cross-domain authentication model.
3. The consortium chain will not and cannot be completely centralized, but should be a balance between centralization and decentralization, and the consortium chain is a kind of between the public chain and the private chain The ledger structure is more in line with the actual needs of most industry applications. At the same time, the moderately open reading and verification permissions can ensure the supervision of the public and the society, so it has been respected by many institutions including R3CEV.
| Write | Read | Incentives | Transaction speed | transaction cost | Privacy protection | Transaction throughput | |
| Public chain | Any node | Any node | need | slow | high | low | low |
| Private chain | Designated node | Not needed | Extremely fast | Extremely low | high | high | |
| Alliance chain | Arbitrary entity | Optional | fast | low | in | Relatively high |