zuul1 low, zuul2 还没长大呢，不敢用。
gateway 基于netty, spring flux, reactor 异步非阻塞, 快呀。
与spring良好整合, spring社区的呢。官方推荐。
https://spring.io/projects/spring-cloud-gateway
https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-gateway/2.2.1.RELEASE/reference/html/
gateway
characteristic
The reactor-netty reactive programming component in Webflux used by Spring Cloud Gateway uses the Netty communication framework at the bottom.
1. 基于spring5.0 reactor, boot2.x
2. 能够转发所有请求的路由 反向代理
3. 路由支持断言和过滤器
4. 熔断
5. 服务发现 客户端
6. 简单断言和过滤器
7. 能限制请求
8. 根据路径转发
日志监控.. 流量控制.. 鉴权..
Where is the gateway in the microservice, behind nginx.
The three core objects of the gateway
Route
Routing is the basic module for building a gateway. It consists of ID, target URI, a series of assertions and filters. If the assertion is true, the route is matched.
route --> 根据规则将请求转发到对应的微服务。
Predicate
Refer to the java.util.function.Predicate of java8. Developers can match all content in the HTTP request (such as request headers or request parameters), and route if the request matches the assertion.
可以设置对应的规则来设置断言。符合规则转发请求, 不符合可以做出对应处理。
Filter
Refers to the GatewayFilter instance in the Spring framework. Using filters, you can modify the request before or after it is routed.
java web 中的过滤器, 过滤器链, 懂吧。
Getting started
pom
<!--新增gateway 需要排除web和actuator 2.2.1.RELEASE -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
</dependency>
Multiple routing paths can be configured under routes. '
Use yaml to configure routing
# gateway --> 路由 断言 过滤器
server:
port: 9527
# 网关配置
spring:
application:
name: cloud-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true # 开启从注册中心获取动态路由的功能。利用微服务名进行路由。
routes:
- id: payment_routh1 # 路由的id 没有固定规则但是要求唯一 配合服务名称
# uri: http://localhost:8001 # 匹配后提供服务的路由地址
uri: lb://cloud-payment-service # 根据服务名进行路由
predicates:
- Path=/payment/get/** # 路径像匹配的进行断言~
Configure routing using beans
package top.bitqian.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* 网关规则bean配置
* @author echo lovely
* @date 2020/12/12 16:53
*/
@Configuration
public class GatewayConfig {
// 可以配置多个bean, 根据规则跳转到不同的url
@Bean
public RouteLocator customerRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder routeBuilder) {
RouteLocatorBuilder.Builder routes = routeBuilder.routes();
routes.route("adorable1",
r -> r.path("/team"). // localhost:9527/team
uri("https://github.com/team")). // to team
build();
return routes.build();
}
@Bean
public RouteLocator customerRouteLocator1(RouteLocatorBuilder routeBuilder) {
RouteLocatorBuilder.Builder routes = routeBuilder.routes();
routes.route("adorable2",
r -> r.path("/explore"). // localhost:9527/explore
uri("https://github.com/explore")). // to explore
build();
return routes.build();
}
}
Assertion configuration
Support cookie, request header, request method, request parameter, request time...
You can use curl locally to test, like linux curl localhost:8080
# gateway --> 路由 断言 过滤器
server:
port: 9527
# 网关配置
spring:
application:
name: cloud-gateway
cloud:
gateway:
discovery:
locator:
enabled: true # 开启从注册中心获取动态路由的功能。利用微服务名进行路由。
routes:
- id: payment_routh1 # 路由的id 没有固定规则但是要求唯一 配合服务名称
# uri: http://localhost:8001 # 匹配后提供服务的路由地址
uri: lb://cloud-payment-service # 根据服务名进行路由
predicates:
- Path=/payment/get/** # 路径像匹配的进行断言~
- id: payment_routh2 # 路由的id 没有固定规则但是要求唯一 配合服务名称
# uri: http://localhost:8001 # 匹配后提供服务的路由地址
uri: lb://cloud-payment-service
predicates:
- Path=/payment/lb/** # 路径像匹配的进行断言~
# 新增断言配置
# https://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/spring-cloud-gateway/2.2.1.RELEASE/reference/html/#gateway-request-predicates-factories
- After=2020-12-13T11:37:03.340+08:00[Asia/Shanghai] # 必须在这个时间之后
# - Cookie=username, adorable # 测试 curl --cookie "username=adorable" localhost:9527/payment/lb
# - Header=X-Request-Id, \d+ # 属性必须是整数 curl --header "X-Request-Id:99" localhost:9527/payment/lb
# - Query=age # curl localhost:9527/payment/lb?age=19
# - Host=**.adorable.cn,**.adorable.top # curl localhost:9527/payment/lb -H "host:bitqian.lovely.adorable.top"
# gateway 入驻eureka~
eureka:
instance:
hostname: cloud-gateway-service
client:
service-url:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka
Support custom filters
package top.bitqian.springcloud.filter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayFilterChain;
import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GlobalFilter;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.server.ServerWebExchange;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* 网关自定义过滤器配置
* 官方有两种过滤器, 单一的和全局的。
* @author echo lovely
* @date 2020/12/13 14:37
*/
@Component
@Slf4j
public class MyGatewayFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
// global filter...
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
log.info("=======================gateway进来了======" + new Date());
// 获取到请求中的参数
String username = exchange.getRequest().getQueryParams().getFirst("username");
if (username == null) {
log.info("/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~ 用户名为空了，非法的用户名称......");
// 406 不被服务器接受的
exchange.getResponse().setStatusCode(HttpStatus.NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
// 返回mono
return exchange.getResponse().setComplete();
}
// 放行
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
@Override
public int getOrder() {
// 数字越小, 越优先
return 0;
}
}
In short, as a distributed gateway, the microservice architecture has powerful functions in terms of security, current limiting, and logging.