Oracle, RMAN regularly backs up shell scripts. Recovery steps and recovery examples

One, environment configuration

Open archive log

SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup mount;
SQL>alter database  archivelog; 
SQL>alter database open;

#查看归档日志是否开启 Automatic archival  Enabled
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     119
Next log sequence to archive   121
Current log sequence           121

Configure rman backup parameters

su - oracle
rman target/
#开启控制文件自动备份（当出现数据库结构改变时，RMAN会自动备份控制文件。如创建表空间，删除表空间等。注，控制文件有延迟自动备份，默认300s）
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
#控制文件备份路径，格式
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/rmanbak/controlfile/%F';
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/u01/rmanbak/controlfile/backup%U';

View all settings

RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name ORCL are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/rmanbak/controlfile/%F';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/rmanbak/controlfile/backup%U';
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default

Second, the backup script

#/bin/bash
rmanbakDir=/u01/rmanbak
#数据文件备份目录
rmanbakDatafile=$rmanbakDir/datafile
#控制文件备份目录
rmanbakControlfile=$rmanbakDir/controlfile
#日志输出路径
logDir=$rmanbakDir/log
backtime=`date +%Y%m%d`


isDirectory(){
    
    
        if test -d $1
        then
                echo "$1目录存在!"
                else
                        echo "$1目录不存在!,创建目录!"
                        mkdir -p $1
        fi
}
rmanbak(){
    
    
	echo "rman备份开始!"
	su - oracle -c "
	rman target /   <<EOF
	run{
	allocate channel ch1 device type disk;
	allocate channel ch2 device type disk;
	#手动备份当前控制文件
	backup current controlfile;
	#数据文件备份路径，格式
	backup database format '$1/orcl_%d_%T_%U';
	#归档日志文件备份路径，格式
	backup archivelog all format '$1/orcl_arch_%t_%s_%c' delete input;
	report obsolete; 
	delete noprompt  obsolete; 
	crosscheck backup;
	crosscheck archivelog all;
	delete noprompt expired backup;
	release channel ch1;
	release channel ch2;
	}
	exit
	EOF"
	echo "rman备份完成!"
	
}

removeLog(){
    
    
	echo "删除过期日志！"
	find $1 -type f -name "*.log" -mtime +7 -exec rm -rf {
    
    } \;
}

log(){
    
    
	tee -a $logDir/node1_backupall_$backtime.log
}

chown(){
    
    
		echo "更改目录用户名用户组！"
        su root -c "chown -R oracle:oinstall $1"
}

startRmanbak(){
    
    
	removeLog $logDir  | log
	isDirectory $rmanbakDatafile  | log
	isDirectory $rmanbakControlfile  | log
	isDirectory $logDir  | log
	rmanbak $rmanbakDatafile | log
	chown $rmanbakDir/  | log
	 	
}
startRmanbak

View the backup just completed

RMAN> list backupset summary;
RMAN> list backupset ;
RMAN> list backup of controlfile ;
RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;
RMAN> list backup of database;
RMAN> list backup of datafile n ;

Three, rman data recovery

Table space recovery steps

#注:RMAN命令执行报错，可以先exit，再重新登陆rman
su - oracle
rman target/
RMAN>restore database;
RMAN>recover database;

Control file recovery steps

SQL>shutdown abort; 
SQL>startup force nomount; 
RMAN>list backup of controlfile;
RMAN>restore controlfile to 'xxx.ctl' from 'xxx/c-xx-xx-xx';
SQL>alter database mount;
RMAN> recover database; 
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Four, give a chestnut

Restore the tablespace dbf file

#查看数据文件存放位置
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/orcl/imagedb.dbf


 #将imagedb.dbf文件改名 imagedbbak.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9846784 Nov 12 16:41 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 209723392 Nov 12 14:48 imagedbbak.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52436992 Nov  2 17:46 imagedbtemp.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Nov 12 16:40 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Nov 12 16:28 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Nov 12 16:28 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Nov 12 16:38 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 734011392 Nov 12 16:38 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  30416896 Nov 11 22:00 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  78651392 Nov 12 16:33 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Nov 12 16:28 users01.dbf

#关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
#启动数据库报错
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 6680915968 bytes
Fixed Size                  2213936 bytes
Variable Size            3959424976 bytes
Database Buffers         2684354560 bytes
Redo Buffers               34922496 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 5: '/u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/orcl/imagedb.dbf'


RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 12-NOV-20
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=3966 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/orcl/imagedb.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/rmanbak/datafile/orcl_ORCL_20201112_0gvfblen_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/datafile/orcl_ORCL_20201112_0gvfblen_1_1 tag=TAG20201112T161415
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/rmanbak/datafile/orcl_ORCL_20201112_0hvfblen_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/rmanbak/datafile/orcl_ORCL_20201112_0hvfblen_1_1 tag=TAG20201112T161415
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished restore at 12-NOV-20

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 12-NOV-20
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 12-NOV-20

SQL>alter database open;
Database altered.

View imagedb.dbf file recovery

Insert picture description here

Restore control file

su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
#1.强制关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown abort; 
#2.强制启动数据库到nomount状态。
SQL>startup force nomount; 


#3.另开一个窗口,查看已备份的控制文件
su - oracle
rman target/
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
14      Full    9.45M      DISK        00:00:00     12-NOV-20      
        BP Key: 14   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20201112T161420
        Piece Name: /u01/rmanbak/controlfile/c-1582243166-20201112-03
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 2581400      Ckp time: 12-NOV-20

#4.恢复控制文件到指定的路径。（to 要恢复的控制文件  from 已备份的控制文件）
#查看控制文件位置SQL>select name from v$datafile;。 
RMAN>restore controlfile to '/u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl' from '/u01/rmanbak/controlfile/c-1582243166-20201112-03';
RMAN>restore controlfile to '/u01/oracle/tools/oracle11g/flash_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl' from '/u01/rmanbak/controlfile/c-1582243166-20201112-03';

#5.在sql窗口，装载数据库
SQL>alter database mount;
Database altered. 

#6.恢复数据库
RMAN> recover database; 

#7.打开数据库
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened

Five, add timing tasks

[root@OCR-DEVDB u01]crontab -e
#每天凌晨4点执行，脚本/u01/rman_backup.sh
00 04 * * * /u01/rman_backup.sh

Oracle, RMAN regularly backs up shell scripts. Recovery steps and recovery examples

Oracle, RMAN regularly backs up shell scripts. Recovery steps and recovery examples

One, environment configuration

Second, the backup script

Three, rman data recovery

Four, give a chestnut

Five, add timing tasks

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