A background
Times create heroes, which is also a reason for the popularity of languages. For a language that can be so popular, it must be based on an opportunity of a certain era. The birth of java high-level language is also based on this. Since the rise of the Internet in the 1990s urgently needed a high-level language for interaction, java was designed.
In 1991, Jame Gosling, Bill Joe and others of SUN MicroSystem developed a software called Oak (the name of a kind of oak tree) for interactive operation on household consumer electronic products such as TVs and control toasters. ), but it did not attract people's attention at the time.Until the second half of 1994, the rapid development of the Internet and the rapid growth of the World Wide Web WWW promoted the development of the Java language, making it gradually become a popular development and development on the Internet. Programming language, some well-known computer companies have purchased the right to use the Java language, such as Mi-croSoft, IBM, Netscape, Novell, Apple, DEC, SGI, etc. Therefore, the Java language was named 1995 by the famous American magazine PC Magazine Ten excellent technology products, (the computer category was selected for this one), followed by a large number of software products written in Java, which are valued and praised by the industry, and they believe that "Java is a major event in the computer industry since the 1980s" After quietly observing for a period of time, Microsoft President Bill Gates said with emotion: "Java is the most outstanding programming language for a long time", and determined that Microsoft's entire software development strategy has moved from the PC stand-alone era to The network-centric computing era is shifting, and buying Java is his implementation and deployment of major strategic decisions.
Therefore, the birth of Java will have a profound impact on the entire computer industry, and will pose new challenges to traditional computing models.
Scott McNealy, president of SUN MicroSystem, believes that Java has opened up a new era for the Internet and WWW.
Berners-Lee, the founder of World Wide Web WWW, said: "The next wave in the development of the computer industry is Java, and it will happen soon."
It seems that the use of Java has become a general trend!
Both MicroSoft and IBM plan to sell software written in Java on the Internet.
Apple, HP, IBM, MicroSoft, Novell, SGI, SCO, Tandem and other companies plan to incorporate Java into their own operating systems, and SunSoft, which is responsible for the development and promotion of Java technology (this is a subsidiary of SUN), Through the issuance of licenses, companies will be allowed to embed the Java virtual machine and Java’s Applets library into the operating system they develop, so that various developers can more easily choose multiple platforms to use Java language programming. Different users can also run Java applications without the Web browser, which is undoubtedly very popular among users and opens up a very broad prospect for the application of Java language. (Of course, the compatibility between various JavaOS must be taken seriously, fortunately JavaSoft has promised to monitor this compatibility).
In addition, HotJava, a new Internet browser written entirely in Java, launched by JavaSoft, is more practical than last year's alpha version. It can not only compile dynamic application software, but also compile a complete set of desktop application software, and more will be provided in the future. The module that can help compile dynamic application software, obviously, this is also a powerful example for the application of Java.
On June 7th last year, led by Sun, the Information Development Bureau of Taiwan’s Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan’s Information Technology Research Institute and other units, a "Java Alliance" was established. 22 computer companies that are quite well-known in Taiwan participated. Taipei has established a "Java Development Center" and a "Java Language Lab" in Hsinchu to start the development and application of the Java language in Taiwan.
In Hong Kong, the island-wide Java Cup was held in April last year, which created an upsurge in learning Java in the computer industry (especially among college students, a group of Java fans appeared).
Some people predict that Java will be the "Esperanto" on the Internet, and all software written in other languages will be rewritten in Java in the future.
Java was born at Sun. Everyone knows that Sun (Stanford University Network) was a very successful company, mainly doing workstations and minicomputers. When Microsoft was about to become the overlord, Sun was a challenger in everyone’s mind, and Java was born at this time. To be cross-platform and network-oriented is actually shaking Microsoft's monopoly.
Two compared with other languages
For a more detailed chart of language usage in 2020, you can refer to the following article. C and java account for about 1/3 of the usage.
https://fossbytes.com/most-popular-programming-languages/
Three characteristics
一、write once ，run anywhere：
1 Object-oriented
2 Garbage collection
3 Support multi-threading
4 No troublesome pointers
5 Support distributed development
6 Object-oriented
7 Safe and simple
Four ecology
Java has a mature community and a complete integrated framework.
Continuously evolving in use One of the most famous is Spring, Spring Family Bucket: Spring+SpringData+MVC+Boot+Cloud
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Use of Java language features, such as reflection, dynamic proxy, enumeration, generics, annotations, ARM, Lambda syntax, etc.
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Implementation of design ideas and patterns, such as OOP, IoC, DDD, TDD, GoF23, etc.
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Encapsulation and simplification of Java API, such as JDBC, Transaction, Servlet, JPA, JMS, Bean Validation, etc.
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Adaptation and implementation of JSR (Java Specification Requests) specification
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Integration and ease of use of third-party frameworks, such as MyBatis, Hibernate, Redis, etc.
Five development directions
01.Android development
Android is the world's largest smartphone operating system. According to the latest Strategy Analytics research report, global smartphone shipments reached 375 million units in the third quarter of 2016. The Android operating system has gained a record 88% global market share, squeezing Apple's iOS and other platforms. The main development language for Android applications is Java. Android has only entered the public eye in 2010. In recent years, it has developed very fast, but the accumulation of talents has not kept up. This is also the reason why Android developers are highly paid and difficult to recruit.
02.web development
There are many web development languages, and Java is one of them. Java has great advantages in developing large-scale websites with high access, high concurrency and clustering, such as Renren, Qunar, Meituan, etc.
03. Client development
Java client development is mainly for governments, institutions and large enterprises, such as medical, school, OA, mailbox, voting, finance, examination, logistics, mining and other information systems. However, the client development is only to provide assistance to the main business of the company. Generally, the developed client is for internal use and is rarely marketed. Therefore, in terms of prospects, the first two are obviously more advantageous.
It can be said that Java is ubiquitous in our lives. As long as we have access to the Internet, we cannot do without Java. Currently, billions of devices in the world are running Java. Java is widely used in various fields, from Internet e-commerce to finance. Industry server applications, from APPs on Android systems to OA systems of enterprises and institutions, from big data to desktop applications, etc., are numerous.