The most complete version of Linux file operation commands

Linux file operation commands

1. File management commands

• touch # Create a new file touch --help product to see touch related help documents
  

• mkdir #New folder
  New folder New hierarchical folder
  

• rm #Delete files and folders
  Delete files rm xxx
  Delete folder rm -r xxxr means recursively delete the folder and its contents
  Forced delete file rm -fr xxxf means forced delete without prompt
  

• cat ##View file content

cat xxx
cat xxx -n  #显示空行行数
cat xxx -b  #不显示空行行数

• gedit ## Graphical text editor

gedit xxx

• ## vim graphical text editor no
  vim the enter editing mode + <:> Save and Exit + + <:> + <! WQ> Save and exit forcibly
  move the cursor to the left and right arrow keys
  

Vim can open two files at the same time vim -o 111 222 vim -p 111 222
-o: means that two files are opened in up and down mode, ++ up and down keys control the editing window
-p: means that two files are opened in left and right mode, <:>++ enter the next window<:>+ +

Go to the previous window

#vim After editing, exit directly without saving when an exception occurs
O: Read-only open the file
E: Continue editing
R: Restore the unsaved content Edit
D: Delete the .swp file enter the editing
Q: Exit the current file editing
A: Exit the vim program

• head #View the head xxx head -n xxx
  first ten lines of the file by default view the first ten lines of the file -n can be set to view the first ten lines

• tail #View how many lines after the filetail xxx tail -n xxx

• View the last ten lines of the file by default -n can also set the last few lines of the file
  

• less ##分页看
  ###less xxx Enter less mode to view files
  ###In less mode, press up and down to view pgup, pgdn page view
  ###In less mode, you can press to enter edit mode, press to exit less

• wc ##View file capacity
  wc -l ##View file line count
  wc -m ##View file character count
  wc -c ##View file byte count
  wc -w ##View file word count
  

• fiel #View file type

file xxx

• cp ###Copy and create a new file according to the source file

cp 文件  文件夹
cp -r 文件夹  文件夹

• mv ##Moving the same partition to move files is a process of renaming, while moving different partitions is a process of moving and deleting

mv 文件 文件夹
mv 文件夹  文件夹

2. File addressing in Linux

1. Linux system structure

   • FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard) linux hierarchy standard
   • Note that everything in Linux is a file
   • System Secondary Directory-
     /bin #System General
     Command-/sbin #System Management Command-
     /dev #Device File-
     /home #Ordinary User Home Directory-
     /root
     #Super User Home Directory- /lib64 or /lib#64-bit function Library or 32-bit function library-
     /proc #Process information-
     /run #Currently running system and hardware-
     /srv #System data (constant)
     -/var #System data (change)
     -tmp #System temporary file storage location-
     / mnt
     #Temporary device mount point- /media #cdrom Temporary mount point-
     /etc #System configuration file-
     /opt # Third-party software installation location-
     /boot #System boot partition, the file read when the system starts-
     /sys #About kernel setting directory-
     /usr #Store most system resources

2. The concept of relative path absolute path
   -absolute path: start from the root directory, can be used in any situation
   -relative path: start execution from the current location.

3. Commands about file addressing
   -pwd ## Display the current location
   

    	- ls   ##查看当前目录下有哪些文件     ls --help 可以查看用法，不过多列举
    ![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200927221855740.png#pic)
    	- cd    ##切换工作目录     cd ~- 和 cd - 的含义一样  都是切换回上一次所在目录
    	![在这里插入图片描述](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20200927222031988.png#pic_)
   

4. File batch processing

	*                                  ##匹配0~任意字符
	？								   ##匹配单个字符
    [[:alpha:]]                        ##匹配单个字母	
    [[:digit:]] 					   ##匹配单个数字
    [[:lower:]]                        ##匹配单个小写字母
    [[:upper:]]                       ##匹配单个大写字母
    [[:alnum:]]                      ##匹配单个数字或字母
    [[:punct:]]                       ##匹配单个符号
    [[:space:]]                      ##匹配单个空格

	字符集合表示方法
			[]                ##条件是或者关系是模糊匹配，[1-10]   1到10      [!1-10][^1-10]  表示除了[1-10]以外
			{}				  ##点名机制，精确定位集合中的每一个元素，{1..10} 1-10每个元素    

	~                                     ##默认代表当前用户家目录
	~username 					          ##指定用户家目录
	~+ = . 	                              ##当前目录
	~-                                    ##当前目录之前所在目录
	.. 	                                  ##上一级目录