Summary of commonly used conjunctions in four-level composition
1. Summarize transitional terms
in general, to some extent, in my view, as for me, as far as I
am concerned, obviously, in brief, on the whole, to sum up, all
in all, in a word, in conclusion
2. Comparing and contrasting transition words
similarly, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other
hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, but, however, yet,
nevertheless
3. List the transition words
1) to begin with, then , furthermore, finally (strongly recommended)
2) to start with, next, in addition, finally (strongly recommended)
3) first and foremost, besides, last but not least (strongly recommended)
4) most important of all, moreover, finally (Strongly recommended)
5) on the one hand, on the other hand (applicable to the two-point situation)
6) for one thing, for another (applicable to the two-point situation)
4. Causal transition terms
because (of), since, for, owing to, thanks to, as a
result of, consequently, for the reason that, therefore,
hence
5. Concession relationship transition terms
although, even though, in spite of, despite
6. Emphasis on relationship Transitional words
surely, obviously, particularly, in deed, needless to
say, most important of all
7. Progressive relationship
in addition, also, moreover, besides, what's more
Four-level composition classic sentence pattern
1) Subject clause
It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.
It is well- known that…
It is self- evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…
It goes without saying that…
It is universally acknowledged that…
It is / that
2) 宾(表)语 Clause
We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his
roommates.
The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.
3）定语从句（限定性和非限定性）
As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/
described … in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table …,
There are many reasons why I want to study in your
university.
It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds spent on
cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.
4）状语从句（时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折 when, since, because,
if, though, before 等）
When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a
monster （怪物） which will devour him.
Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student
use of computers.
5）分词短语做定语或状语
Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to
acquire English better.
6）倒装句 （only, neither, nor, at no time, in no case)
Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of
isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.
7）被动句
Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.
He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.
Many people believe that （…It is believed that …） 8）强调句
It is not who rules us that is important , but how he rules us.
9) 省略句
If so, we have to give it up.
If necessary…
Whatever the reason…
10) What 句型
We totally agree with what you have just said.
11) 设问句
Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several
times so no one would trust him?
12) no more …than …
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a
man.
13) m ay as well …as 与其 …不如
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.
14) the ~est …that I have ever seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)
Mr. Chang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had.
15) cannot …too…
You cannot be too careful.
16)否定 +until(till)
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried.
17) Nothing is ~~ er than to
Nothing is more important than to receive education.
18) There is no doubt that ~
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves
something to be desired.
19) So …is …that … （如此 …以致于 …）
So precious is time that we can’t afford to waste it.
20) Adj as …is
Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no
means satisfactory.
21) the mor e…the more …
The harder you work, the more progress you
will make.
22) By doing, we can …
By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
23) It is time + 过去式 （该是 …的时候了）
It is time the authorities took proper steps
to solve the traffic problems.
24) Those who …
Those who violate traffic regulations should be
punished.
25) For the past …years ， sb + 现在完成式 …
For the past two years, I have been busy
preparing for the examination.
26)Since+S+ 过去式， S+现在完成式。
Since he went to senior high school, he has
worked very hard.
27) It pays to do …（…是值得的。）
It pays to help others.
28) Due to/Owing to/Thanks to … （因为 …）
Thanks to his encouragement, I finally realized my
dream.
29)不定式、动名词作主语
To know something about English is one thing; to know English is
quite another .
30） It is no use doing sth.
It is no use crying over the spoiled milk.
31) “too …to句型”
She is too angry to speak.
32) “so…that …” “… so that句型…”
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him up.
The teacher explains the sentence slowly and clearly so that
everyone can understand.
33) “range from …to …”结构
His hobbies range from painting to playing basketball.
34) attach importance to / lay emphasis on
The government attaches great importance to the protection of the
environment.
35) not … but
Tom was not there but his brother was.
36) there is a chance that …
There is a chance that we can finish the task on time.
37. instead of …+句子
Instead of telling the truth, he lied.
38. it is + a.+ for sb. to do sth.
It is convenient for us to search online.
It is necessary for you to hurry up.
39. when it comes to …+名词 /动名词
When it comes to his achievements in the past, he becomes
really excited.
40. partly because of …and partly because of …
Partly because of his great effort, and partly because of his talent,
he achieved great success.
41. It seems as if …
It seems as if it is going to rain.
42. …也是 / ….也不
You agree with him, so do I.
You don ’t agree with him, nor does he.
43. Only if 只有… …才
Only if you go visiting the mountain by yourself, can you feel the
beauty of it truly.
Only in this way can you learn English well.
44. if only / as long as long as ... you
If only you work hard, I believe you can get promoted.
CET4 common phrases
- Many
countable: A Great / Good MANY
A Large Number of
MANY A + singular noun
uncountable noun: A Large AMOUNT of
A Large SUM of
A Great Deal of
both of which are: plenty of - 影响
have an effect on
have an influence on
have an impact on
play an important role in
play an important part in - 喜好
prefer A to B
prefer to do sth.
prefer to do rather than do
would rather do than do - 把 …看作
regard … as
view … as
consider … as
look on … as
refer to …as - 区别
distinguish … from … ;
separate … from …
divide … from …
tell … from …
6.就我 (们)所知
As far as we know,
As is known to all,
As we all know,
As far as I ’m concerned
7.导致
result in
result from
cause
lead to - 阻止
prevent sb. from doing sth.
stop sb. from doing sth.
inhibit sb. from doing sth.
discourage sb. from doing sth.
forbid sb. to do sth.
9.重要的
critical, essential, vital, crucial, significant
It is … to do sth. - 减少
diminish, decrease, reduce, cut down
cut back on, decline, eliminate - 尽管
despite that,
in spite of,
although,
though - 作用
contribute to
affect
play a part in - With
regard to
in view of
with a view to
concerning
considering - In order to avoid, lest
lEst
for Fear that + subjunctive
in Case that
in Case of + noun phrase - 对比
in contrast, by contrast,
in contrast with, by contrast with
in comparison, by comparison
in comparison with
conversely
compared to - 决定
be determined to do
choose to do - 经常
all too often
more often
frequently - 好
outstanding
marvelous
terrific
splendid
excellent
distinctive
distinguished - Easy to tend
BE LIABLE to
BE Inclined to
TEND to
BE LIKELY to - 努力
make an effort to
struggle to do sth.
do one ’ s utmost to do sth. - Series
A Series of
A Range of
A String of - 毫无疑问，众所周知
undoubtedly
There is no doubt that
without doubt
No one can deny that
It is commonly acknowledged that
It goes without saying that
It is generally/ widely believed/ held/ agreed that - 事实上
in fact
actually
as a matter of fact
practically
virtually
24 为了
for the sake of
on behalf of - 有时
sometimes
at times
from time to time
on occasion
now and then
now and again - 越来越：
be increasingly + adj.,
be on the rise,
the growing number of
more and more - Attributable to;
attribute… to
owe… to
be to blame/ blame sth. on sb.
Omnipotence - Convenient: convenient/ convenience
- 效率： efficient/ efficiently/ efficiency
- 节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift,
waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish - 人的心理健康： independent, cooperative, competitive,
considerate, confident, creative, sociable, perseverance;
selfish, isolated, conservative - Human health: health, disease, strong, strength, energetic
- 娱乐： colorful, pleasure, joy, recreation, entertainment, relax,
tired, boring, lonely - 环境： environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty
- Safety and danger: safe, danger, risk
- 经验： experience, social experience, enter the society
- 人际： humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely