Basic concepts and introduction of MySQL database-super detailed! ! !

One, the basic concept of the database

1.1 Basic concepts of database-1

■ Data

• Symbolic records describing things
• Including numbers, text, graphics, images, sounds, file records, etc.
• Store in a unified format in the form of "record"

■ Table

• Organize different records together
• Used to store specific data

■ Database

• A collection of tables is a warehouse for storing data
• A collection of related data stored in a certain organization
  

1.2 Basic concepts of database-2

■ Database Management System (DBMS)

• It is a system software that realizes the organization, management and access of database resources

■ Database system

• It is a man-machine system consisting of hardware, OS, database, DBMS, application software and database application
• Users can operate the database through-DBMS or applications
  

2. History of database system development

■ The first generation database

• Since the 1960s, the first generation of database systems came out
• It is a database system of hierarchical model and network model
• Provides strong support for unified management and sharing of data

■ The second generation database

• At the beginning of the 1970s, the second-generation database-the series database began to appear
• In the early 1980s, the relational database system DB2 of the old M company came out, and it began to gradually replace the database of the hierarchical and mesh model and became the mainstream of the industry.
• So far, relational database systems still occupy the main position of database applications

■ The third generation database

• Since the 1980s, new database systems adapting to different fields have emerged continuously. Object-oriented database systems have strong practicability and wide adaptability.
• In the late 1990s, a situation in which multiple database systems jointly supported applications was formed
• Some new elements have been added to mainstream database systems.
  For example, the "relation-object" database model supported by Oracle

3. Introduction to mainstream databases

3.1 Introduction to current mainstream databases

■ SQL Server (product of Microsoft Corporation)

• For Windows operating system
• Simple and easy to use

■ Oracle (Oracle company product)

• For all Guiliu platforms
• Safe, perfect, complicated operation

■ DB2 0BM company product) • For all mainstream platforms

• Large, safe and complete

■ MySQL (acquired by Oracle) • Free, open source, small size

3.2 Relational Database-1

■ The relational database system is a database system based on the relational model.
The data structure of the relational model uses a two-dimensional data table that is easy to understand. The
relational model can be represented by a simple "Entity-Relationship" (ER) diagram. The
ER diagram contains entities. (Data object), relationship and attribute three elements

3.3 Relational database-2

■ Entity

• Also called an instance, it corresponds to an "event" or "thing" that can be distinguished from other objects in the real world
  • Such as bank, bank account, etc.

■ Properties

• A certain characteristic of an entity, an entity can have multiple attributes
  • For example, each entity in the "bank customer" entity set has attributes such as name, address, and phone number

■ Contact

• Correspondence between entity sets is called connection, also called relationship
  • For example, there is a "savings" relationship between bank customers and bank accounts

■ The collection of all entities and their connections constitutes a relational database

3.4 Relational Database-3

■ The storage structure of the relational database is a two-dimensional table
■ In each two-dimensional table

• Each row is called a record, used to describe the information of an object
• Each column is called a field, used to describe an attribute of the object
  

3.5 Relational database applications

■ Relational database

• Oracle, MySQL
• SQLServer、 Sybase
• Informix、 access • DB2、 FoxPRO

■ Application examples

• 12306 User Information System • Taobao Account System
• Unicom mobile phone number information system
• Bank user account system
• Website User Information System

3.6 Introduction to non-relational databases

■ Non-relational database is also called NoSQL (Not Only SQL)
■ Stored data is not based on the relational model and does not require a fixed table format
■ Advantages of non-relational database

• The database can be read and written with high concurrent
• Efficient storage and access to massive data
• Database has high scalability and high availability

■Commonly used non-relational databases: Redis, mongoDB, etc.

3.7 Introduction to MySQL database

■ A popular open source relational database
■ Oracle’s products
■ Comply with GPL agreement, free to use and modify
■ Features

• Excellent performance and stable service
• Open source, no copyright restrictions, low cost
• Multi-threaded, multi-user
• Based on C/S (client/server) architecture
• Safe and reliable

3.8 MySQL Business Edition and Community Edition

■ MySQL Business Edition is developed and maintained by MySQL AB, and requires payment to use it.
■ MySQL Community Edition is developed and maintained by MySQL developers and enthusiasts scattered all over the world. It can be used for free.
■ The difference between the two

• The commercial version has stricter organization management and testing, and will be more stable than the community version
• The commercial version does not comply with the GPL, and the community version is free to use in compliance with the GPL
• The commercial version can get 7*24 hours of service, the community version does not

3.9 MySQL product camp

■ The first camp: The 5.0-5.1 camp, which can be said to be the continuation of earlier products. The
second camp: The 5.4-5.7 camp, which integrates storage engines developed by MySQL AB, the community and third-party companies to improve performance.
■ The third camp : The 6.0-7.1 camp is the MySQL Cluster version, developed to meet the needs of the database cluster in the new era.
Download URL

• http://www.dev.mysql.com/downloads

Fourth, MySQL build operation

#########Install mysql######
(1), install the mysql environment dependency package

[root@localhost ]# 
yum -y install \
gcc-c++ \
gcc \
make \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison \
cmake

(2) Create a running user

[root@localhost ]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin  mysql

(3), compile and install

###上传mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz到opt目录下###
[root@localhost ]# cd /opt
[root@localhost opt ]# tar xf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20/
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8  \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# make -j3 && make install

(4) Adjust the permissions of the database directory

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

(5), establish adjustment configuration file

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf

(6) Set environment variables

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# echo 'export PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# source /etc/profile

(7) Initialize the database

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# 
bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

[root@localhost mysql]# cp usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/

(8) The database is started, closed, and status

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /usr/local/bin/  ###先进去bin目录下在设置密码

(9), set Mysql password

[root@localhost bin]# mysqladmin -u root -p password   ###回车后在回车，然后输入密码abc123,在此确认abc123,这是在root账户下运行的

(10) Log in to the database

[root@localhost bin]# mysql -u root -p     ###这个命令敲下，提示要输入密码,这个就是刚才设置的密码abc123

mysql> CREATE DATABASE myadm;

mysql> GRANT all ON myadm.* TO 'myadm'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';

mysql> GRANT all ON myadm.* TO 'myadm'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';

mysql> flush privileges;

(11), then use Navicat for MySQL software to connect to the mysql database