MySQL database backup and recovery (2)-use the mysqldump command (hot standby)

MySQL database backup and recovery (2)-use the mysqldump command (hot standby)

In the daily maintenance of the database, it is often necessary to export data. mysqldump is a data export tool that comes with MySQL and has very powerful functions. The mysqldump command can load the entire database into a single text file. This text file contains all the SQL commands needed to rebuild the database. This command gets all the schema (Schema) and converts it into DDL syntax (CREATE statement, that is, database definition statement), gets all the data, and creates an INSERT statement from these data. mysqldump reverses all designs in the database.

The syntax of the command is as follows:

mysqldump [options] [db_name [tbl_name ...]] > file_name

Description:
(1) The exported text file contains the following content: create database judgment statement —> delete table —> create table —> lock table —> disable index —> insert data —> enable index —> unlock table;
(2) options Specify the user name, password and other parameters for the operation;
(3) Specify the database and table to be exported.

1. Export all databases

(1) Use the -all-databases or -A parameter to export all databases and data, including system databases.

###使用 --all-databases, -A 参数
[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A > /tmp/all.sql
Enter password: 
[root@Mysql11 ~]# 

(2) Use the -add-drop-database parameter to add the drop database statement before each database is created

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A --add-drop-database > /tmp/all.sql
Enter password: 

(3) Use the -add-drop-table parameter to add a drop data table statement before each data table is created (this parameter is turned on by default, and use -skip-add-drop-table to cancel the option)

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p -A --skip-add-drop-database --skip-add-drop-table > /tmp/all.sql
Enter password: 

Two, export one or more databases

Use the –databases db1 db2… parameter to specify the name of the database to be exported, such as exporting all the data of the wgx and hist databases:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases wgx hist > /tmp/d1d2.sql
Enter password: 

Export all data in the wgx database:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases wgx > /tmp/wgx.sql
Enter password: 

View the contents of the wgx file as follows:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# cat /tmp/wgx.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.27, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: wgx
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version	5.7.27

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Current Database: `wgx`
--

###############   创建数据库wgx   ############################################################
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/ `wgx` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;
############################################################################################
USE `wgx`;

--
-- Table structure for table `department`
--

################  创建表department  ########################################################
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `department`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `department` (
  `dept_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`dept_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
############################################################################################
--
-- Dumping data for table `department`
--

################  锁表  ####################################################################
LOCK TABLES `department` WRITE;
############################################################################################
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `department` DISABLE KEYS */;

################  向表department中插入数据   #################################################
INSERT INTO `department` VALUES (1,'guanli'),(2,'jingji'),(3,'jidian'),(4,'jisuanji');
############################################################################################
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `department` ENABLE KEYS */;

################  解锁  ####################################################################
UNLOCK TABLES;
############################################################################################
--
-- Table structure for table `emp`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `emp`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `emp` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `address` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `phone` char(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `dept_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `emp`
--

LOCK TABLES `emp` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `emp` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `emp` VALUES (1,'zhangsan',20,'Xinxiang','15578941258',1),(2,'tom',20,'Xinxiang','13778942222',1),(3,'jack',20,'Zhengzhou','13675871454',1),(4,'john',21,'Zhengzhou','13937681111',2),(5,'mark',22,'Aanyang','13055882233',2);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `emp` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2020-07-01 22:31:19

Three, export a specified table in a database

Use –database to specify the database and –tables parameter to specify the table, the syntax is as follows:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases 数据库名 --tables table1 table2 > /tmp/wgx.sql

Note: Exporting a specified table in a database can only be exported for one database, and the content of the export is not the same as exporting the entire database. There is no judgment statement to create a database in the export text of the specified table, only delete the table-create Table-Import data.

(1) Export the dept and stu tables:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases hist --tables dept stu > /tmp/wgx.sql
Enter password: 

Export the stu table:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases hist --tables stu > /tmp/stu.sql
Enter password: 

View the contents of the stu.sql file:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# cat /tmp/stu.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.27, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: hist
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version	5.7.27

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `stu`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stu`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `stu` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `address` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `phone` char(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `dept_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `stu`
--

LOCK TABLES `stu` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `stu` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `stu` VALUES (1,'zhangsan',20,'Xinxiang','15578941258',1),(2,'tom',20,'Xinxiang','13778942222',1),(3,'jack',20,'Zhengzhou','13675871454',1),(4,'john',21,'Zhengzhou','13937681111',2),(5,'mark',22,'Aanyang','13055882233',2);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `stu` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2020-07-01 22:48:07

Fourth, the records in the export table that meet the specified conditions

Use –where to specify the export conditions, for example: export the record with dept_id 1 in the stu table:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases hist --tables stu --where='dept_id=1 > /tmp/stu.sql
Enter password: 
[root@Mysql11 ~]# 
[root@Mysql11 ~]# cat /tmp/stu.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.27, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: hist
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version	5.7.27

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `stu`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stu`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
####  创建表
CREATE TABLE `stu` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `address` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `phone` char(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `dept_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `stu`
--
-- WHERE:  dept_id=1
####  锁表
LOCK TABLES `stu` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `stu` DISABLE KEYS */;
###  插入数据
INSERT INTO `stu` VALUES (1,'zhangsan',20,'Xinxiang','15578941258',1),(2,'tom',20,'Xinxiang','13778942222',1),(3,'jack',20,'Zhengzhou','13675871454',1);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `stu` ENABLE KEYS */;
###  解锁
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2020-07-01 22:56:16

Export the student data named'jack' in the stu table:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases hist --tables stu --where="name='jack'" > /tmp/stu.sql
Enter password: 
[root@Mysql11 ~]# 
[root@Mysql11 ~]# cat /tmp/stu.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.27, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: hist
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version	5.7.27

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `stu`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stu`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `stu` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `address` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `phone` char(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `dept_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

--
-- Dumping data for table `stu`
--
-- WHERE:  name='jack'

LOCK TABLES `stu` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `stu` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `stu` VALUES (3,'jack',20,'Zhengzhou','13675871454',1);
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `stu` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2020-07-01 22:58:07

Five, only export the table structure without exporting data

Use the -no-data parameter to export only the table structure, as follows:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases hist --tables stu --no-data > /tmp/stu.sql
Enter password: 
[root@Mysql11 ~]# cat /tmp/stu.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13  Distrib 5.7.27, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost    Database: hist
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version	5.7.27

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `stu`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `stu`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
CREATE TABLE `stu` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `address` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `phone` char(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `dept_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

-- Dump completed on 2020-07-01 23:04:42

Six, generate a new binlog file

Use the -F parameter to generate a new binlog file after exporting the data.

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases wgx -F >/tmp/wgx.sql
Enter password: 

Seven, export stored procedures and custom functions

Use the -routines or -R parameter to export stored procedures and custom functions in the database at the same time:

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases wgx --routines > /tmp/wgx.sql
Enter password: 

8. Ensure the consistent state of the export

Use the -single-transaction parameter to submit a BEGIN SQL statement before exporting the data. BEGIN will not block any application and can ensure the consistent state of the database when exporting. It only applies to InnoDB storage engine. This option and the -lock-tables option are mutually exclusive, because LOCK TABLES will implicitly commit any pending transactions.

[root@Mysql11 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases wgx --single-transaction > /tmp/wgx.sql
Enter password: 

Nine, import the backup data

mysql -uroot -p  <  stu.sql