The road is hindered and long, and the line is coming. Keep your head down and work hard, if you don't talk, you will be a blockbuster! Come on, Sao Nian!
Preface
Summarized according to "C++ Primer";
personally think that the communication between us must be based on a standard, so that the languages between us can be communicated with each other, so that we can know what the other person is saying and facilitate communication;
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1、Parameters (argument): The value passed to the function;
2、Assignment: Erase the current value of an object and replace it with a new value;
3、Block: A sequence of zero or more sentences, surrounded by curly braces;
4、Buffer: A storage area for saving data. IO facilities usually store input (or output) data in a buffer, and the actions of reading and writing the buffer are independent of the actions in the program. We can explicitly flush the output buffer to force the data in the buffer to be written to the output device. By default, reading cin will refresh cout; it will also refresh cout when the program terminates abnormally;
5、Built-in type: Type defined by the language, such as int;
6、Cerr: An ostream object, associated with standard error, usually written to the same device as standard output. By default, the data written to cerr is not buffered. Cerr is usually used to output error messages or other output content that does not belong to the normal logic of the program;
7、String literal constant (character string literal): Another name for the term string literal;
8、China: An istream object, used to read data from standard input;
9、Class: A mechanism for defining your own data structure and related operations. Classes are one of the most basic features in C++. In the standard library types, istream and ostream are both classes;
10、Class type: The type of the class definition. The class name is the type name.
11、clog: An ostream object associated with standard error. By default, data written to clog is buffered. Clog is usually used to report the execution information of the program and store it in a log file.
12、Comment: Program text ignored by the compiler. C++ has two types of comments: single-line comments and delimiter pair comments. Single-line comments start with //, and everything from // to the end of the line is a comment. The delimiter starts with /* for comments, and everything after that is a comment until it encounters */.
13、Condition: An expression whose evaluation result is true or false. Usually a value of 0 is used for false and a non-zero value for true.
14、cost: An ostream object, used to write data to standard output. Usually used for the normal output of the program.
15、Curly brace: The curly brackets are used to delimit the block boundary. The left curly brace ({) is the beginning of the block, and the right curly brace (}) is the end.
16、Data structure: A logical combination of data and allowed operations on it.
17、Edit-compile-debug (edit-compile-debug): The development process that enables the program to execute correctly.
18、End of file (end-of-file): A system-specific flag indicating that there is no more data in the file.
19、Expression: The smallest computing unit. An expression contains one or more operands, usually one or more operators. The expression evaluation will produce a result. For example, suppose i and j are int objects, then i + j is an expression that produces the sum of two int values.
20、for statement: Iterative statements, providing repeated execution capabilities. Usually used to repeat a calculation a specified number of times.
21、Function: Named computing unit.
22、Function body: Statement block, which defines the action performed by the function.
23、Function name: The well-known name of the function, which is also used for function calls.
24、Header: A mechanism that enables the definition of a class or other name to be used by multiple programs. The program uses the header file through the #include directive.
25、if statement: Statements that are conditionally executed based on the value of a specific condition. If the condition is true, execute the body of the if statement. Otherwise, execute the else statement body (if it exists).
26、Initialize (initialize): Assign a value to an object when it is created.
27、iostream header file: Provides standard library types for stream-oriented input and output.
28、istream: Provides a library type for stream-oriented input.
29、Library type (library type): Type defined by the standard library, such as istream.
30、main: A function called when the operating system executes a C++ program. Every program must have one and only one function named main.
31、Manipulator (manipulator) object: Such as std::endl, used to "manipulate" the stream itself when reading and writing streams.
32、Member function: Operation defined by the class. Usually by calling member functions to manipulate specific objects.
33、Method: Synonymous term for member function.
34、Namespace (namespace): A mechanism that puts library-defined names in a single location. Namespaces can help avoid inadvertent name conflicts. The name defined by the C++ standard library is in the namespace std.
35、ostream: Standard library type, providing stream-oriented output.
36、Parameter list: A part of the function definition, which indicates what kind of actual parameters can be used when calling the function. It may be an empty list.
37、Return type: The type of the return value of the function.
38、Source file: A file containing a C++ program.
39、Standard error: Output stream, used to report errors. Standard output and standard error are usually associated with the window where the program is executed.
40、Standard input: Input stream, usually associated with the window where the program is executed.
41、Standard library: A collection of types and functions, which every C++ compiler must support. The standard library provides types that support IO operations. C++ programmers tend to use "library" to refer to the entire standard library, and they also tend to use library types to refer to specific parts of the standard library. For example, "iostream library" is used to refer to the part of the standard library that defines IO classes.
42、Standard output: Output stream, usually associated with the window where the program is executed.
43、Statement: A part of the program that specifies what actions to perform when the program is executed. An expression followed by a semicolon is a statement; other types of statements include statement blocks, if statements, for statements, and while statements, all of which contain other statements.
44、std: The namespace used by the standard library. std::cout means that we want to use the name cout defined in the std namespace.
45、String literal: A sequence of zero or more characters, enclosed in double quotes ("a string literal").
46、Uninitialized variable: Variable without initial value. If the variable of the class type does not specify an initial value, it will be initialized in the manner specified by the class definition. The built-in type variables defined in the function are not initialized by default, unless there is an explicit initialization statement. Attempting to use the value of an uninitialized variable is an error. Uninitialized variables are a common cause of bugs.
47、Variable: Named object.
48、while 语句（while statement）: Iterative statements provide a mechanism for repeated execution until a specific condition is false. The loop body will be executed zero or more times, depending on the result of the loop condition evaluation.
49、() operator (() operator): Call the operator. A pair of brackets "()" following the function name plays the effect of calling the function. The actual parameters passed to the function are placed in parentheses.
50、++ operator: Increment operator. Add 1 to the value of the operand, ++i is equivalent to i = i + 1.
51、+= operator (+= operator): Compound assignment operator, add the right operand to the left operand; a += b is equivalent to a = a+b.
52、. Operator (. operator): Dot operator. The operand on the left must be a class type object, and the operand on the right must be the name of a member of this object. The result of the operation is this member of the object.
53、:: operator (:: operator): Scope operator. One of its uses is to access names in the namespace. For example, std::cout represents the name cout in the std namespace.
54 .: Assign the value of the right operand to the object represented by the left operand. = 运算符（= operator）
55、-Operator (-- operator): Decrement operator. Subtract 1 from the value of the operand, -i is equivalent to i = i-1.
56、<< operator (<< operator): Output operator. Write the value of the operand on the right to the output stream represented by the operand on the left: cout << "hi" means to write hi to the standard output. Output operators can be connected: cout << "hi" << "bye" means hibye will be output.
57、>> operator (>> operator): Input operator. Read data from the input stream specified by the operand on the left and store it in the operand on the right: cin >> i means to read the next value from standard input and store it in i. The input operator can be connected: cin >> i >> j means first read a value and store it in i, and then read a value and store it in j.
58、#include: The header file contains instructions so that the code in the header file can be used by the program.
59 .: Equality operator. Check whether the left operand is equal to the right operand. == 运算符（== operator）
60、!= operator (!= operator): Unequal operator. Check whether the operand on the left is not equal to the operand on the right.
61、<= operator (<= operator): Less than or equal to operator. Check whether the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.
62、<Operator (< operator): Less than operator. Check whether the operand on the left is smaller than the operand on the right.
63、>= operator (>= operator): Greater than or equal to operator. Check whether the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.
64、> Operator (> operator): Greater than operator. Check whether the left operand is larger than the right operand.
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