thinkphp where () conditional query

String condition

Direct query and operation using string conditions, for example:

$ User = M ("User"); // Instantiate the User object
$User->where('type=1 AND status=1')->select();

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The last SQL statement generated is

SELECT * FROM think_user WHERE type=1 AND status=1

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If you use version 3.1 or higher, when using string conditions, it is recommended to cooperate with the preprocessing mechanism to ensure more security, for example:

$Model->where("id=%d and username='%s' and
xx='%f'",array($id,$username,$xx))->select();

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Or use:

$Model->where("id=%d and username='%s' and xx='%f'",$id,$username,$xx)->select();

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If the $ id variable comes from a user submission or URL address, if the input is of a non-numeric type, it will be formatted as a numeric format for query operations.
The string preprocessing format type supports specifying numbers, strings, etc. For details, please refer to the parameter description of the vsprintf method.

Array condition

Where usage of array condition is the usage recommended by ThinkPHP.

General query

The simplest way to query an array is as follows:

$ User = M ("User"); // Instantiate the User object
$map['name'] = 'thinkphp';
$map['status'] = 1;
// Pass the query condition into the query method
$User->where($map)->select();

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The last SQL statement generated is

SELECT * FROM think_user WHERE `name`='thinkphp' AND status=1

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Expression query

The above query condition is just a simple equality judgment. You can use query expressions to support more SQL query syntax. The format of query expressions is:

$ map ['field1'] = array ('expression', 'query condition 1');
$ map ['field 2'] = array ('expression', 'query condition 2');
$ Model-> where ($ map)-> select (); // also supported

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The expressions are case-insensitive, and the supported query expressions are as follows, which respectively mean:

expression	meaning
EQ	Equal to (=)
NEQ	Not equal to (<>)
GT	Greater than (>)
EGT	Greater than or equal (> =)
LT	Less than (<)
ELT	Less than or equal to (<=)
LIKE	Fuzzy query
[NOT] BETWEEN	(Not in) interval query
[NOT] IN	(Not in) IN query
EXP	Expression query, support SQL syntax

Examples are as follows:
EQ : equal to (=)
For example:

$map['id'] = array('eq',100);

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Equivalent to the following query

$map['id'] = 100;

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The query condition expressed is id = 100

NEQ : not equal to (<>)
For example:

$map['id'] = array('neq',100);

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The query condition indicated is id <> 100

GT : greater than (>)
For example:

$map['id'] = array('gt',100);

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The query condition indicated is id> 100

EGT : greater than or equal to (> =)
For example:

$map['id'] = array('egt',100);

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The query condition indicated is id> = 100

LT : less than (<)
For example:

$map['id'] = array('lt',100);

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The query condition indicated is id <100

ELT : less than or equal to (<=)
For example:

$map['id'] = array('elt',100);

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The query condition indicated is id <= 100

[NOT] LIKE : LIKE with sql
For example:

$map['name'] = array('like','thinkphp%');

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The query condition becomes name like 'thinkphp%'.
If the DB_LIKE_FIELDS parameter is configured, some fields will be automatically fuzzy. For example, set:

'DB_LIKE_FIELDS'=>'title|content'

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Words, use

$map['title'] = 'thinkphp';

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The query condition will become name like '% thinkphp%',
support array method, for example

$map['a'] =array('like',array('%thinkphp%','%tp'),'OR');
$map['b'] =array('notlike',array('%thinkphp%','%tp'),'AND');

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The generated query condition is:
(a like '% thinkphp%' OR a like '% tp') AND (b not like '% thinkphp%' AND b not like '% tp')

[NOT] BETWEEN : same as sql [ not] between, query conditions support string or array, for example:

$map['id'] = array('between','1,8');

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Equivalent to the following:

$map['id'] = array('between',array('1','8'));

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The query condition becomes id BETWEEN 1 AND 8

[NOT] IN : Same as [not] in of sql, the query condition supports string or array, for example:

$map['id'] = array('not in','1,5,8');

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Equivalent to the following:

$map['id'] = array('not in',array('1','5','8'));

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The query condition becomes id NOT IN (1,5, 8)

EXP : expression, which supports more complex query situations.
For example:

$map['id'] = array('in','1,3,8');

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Can be changed to:

$map['id'] = array('exp',' IN (1,3,8) ');

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The conditions of the exp query will not be treated as strings, so the following query conditions can use any syntax supported by SQL, including the use of function and field names.

Query expressions can be used not only for query conditions, but also for data updates, for example:

$ User = M ("User"); // Instantiate the User object
// Assignment of data object attributes to be modified
$data['name'] = 'ThinkPHP';
$ data ['score'] = array ('exp', 'score + 1'); // User's points plus 1
$ User-> where ('id = 5')-> save ($ data); // Save modified data according to conditions

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Quick query

where method supports quick query, which can further simplify the writing of query conditions, for example:
1. Achieve the same query conditions for different fields

$ User = M ("User"); // Instantiate the User object
$map['name|title'] = 'thinkphp';
// Pass the query condition into the query method
$User->where($map)->select();

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The query condition becomes name = 'thinkphp' OR title = 'thinkphp'

Second, realize different query conditions for different fields

$ User = M ("User"); // Instantiate the User object
$map['status&title'] =array('1','thinkphp','_multi'=>true);
// Pass the query condition into the query method
$User->where($map)->select();

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'_multi' => true must be added at the end of the array, indicating that the current multi-condition matching, so the query condition becomes status = 1 AND title = 'thinkphp', the query field supports more, for example:
$ map ['status & score & title '] = array (' 1 ', array (' gt ',' 0 '),' thinkphp ',' _ multi '=> true); the
query condition becomes status = 1 AND score> 0 AND title =' thinkphp '

Note: "|" and "&" in the quick query method cannot be used at the same time.

Interval query

where method supports interval query of a field, for example:

$map['id'] = array(array('gt',1),array('lt',10)) ;

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The obtained query condition is: (`id`> 1) AND (` id` <10)

$map['id'] = array(array('gt',3),array('lt',10), 'or') ;

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The obtained query condition is: (`id`> 3) OR (` id` <10)

$map['id'] = array(array('neq',6),array('gt',3),'and');

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The obtained query condition is: (`id`! = 6) AND (` id`> 3) The
last one can be an AND, OR or XOR operator. If it is not written, the default is the AND operation.
The condition of interval query can support all expressions of ordinary query, that is to say expressions like LIKE, GT and EXP can also be supported. In addition, interval query can also support more conditions, as long as the conditions for a field can be written together, for example:

$map['name'] = array(array('like','%a%'), array('like','%b%'), array('like','%c%'), 'ThinkPHP','or');

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The final query condition is:

(`name` LIKE '%a%') OR (`name` LIKE '%b%') OR (`name` LIKE '%c%') OR (`name` = 'ThinkPHP')

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Combined query

Combined queries are used for complex query conditions. If you need to occasionally use strings while querying but do not want to lose the flexibility of the array method, you can consider using combined queries.
The main body of the combined query is still an array query, but some special query support is added, including string mode query (_string), compound query (_complex), request string query (_query), special query in mixed query Only one query can be defined. Due to the array indexing method, special queries with the same index will be overwritten.
1. String mode query (using _string as the query condition)
Array conditions can also be mixed with string conditions, for example:

$ User = M ("User"); // Instantiate the User object
$map['id'] = array('neq',1);
$map['name'] = 'ok';
$map['_string'] = 'status=1 AND score>10';
$User->where($map)->select();

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The final query condition becomes:
(`id`! = 1) AND (` name` = 'ok') AND (status = 1 AND score> 10)

2. Request string query method
Request string query is one This method is similar to the URL parameter passing method, and can support simple conditional equality judgment.

$map['id'] = array('gt','100');
$map['_query'] = 'status=1&score=100&_logic=or';

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The obtained query condition is: `id`> 100 AND (` status` = '1' OR `score` = '100')

3. Compound query
Compound query is equivalent to encapsulating a new query condition, and then merged into the original Among the query conditions, more complicated query condition assembly can be completed.
E.g:

$where['name'] = array('like', '%thinkphp%');
$where['title'] = array('like','%thinkphp%');
$where['_logic'] = 'or';
$map['_complex'] = $where;
$map['id'] = array('gt',1);

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The query condition is
(id> 1) AND ((name like '% thinkphp%') OR (title like '% thinkphp%')) The
compound query uses _complex as a sub-query condition to define, with the previous query method, you can Very flexible to formulate more complex query conditions.
Many query methods can be converted to each other, for example, the above query conditions can be changed to: