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constructor of string class:
string (const char * s); // initialize
string with c string s (int n, char c); // use n characters c initialization
In addition, the string class also supports the default constructor and copy constructor, such as string s1; string s2 = "hello"; both are correct. When the constructed string is too long to be expressed, it will throw a length_error exception.
String character operations:
const char & operator [] (int n) const;
const char & at (int n) const;
char & operator [] (int n);
char & at (int n);
operator [] and at () both return the position of the nth character in the current string, but the at function provides range checking, and an out_of_range exception will be thrown when the boundary is exceeded. Provide inspection access.
const char * data () const; // Return a non-null terminated C character array
const char * c_str () const; // Return a null terminated C string
int copy (char * s, int n, int pos = 0) const; // Copy the n characters starting with pos in the current string to the character array with s as the starting position, and return the actual number of copies
. Characteristic description of string:
int capacity () const; // Return the current capacity (that is, the number of elements in the string that can be stored without increasing memory)
int max_size () const; // Return the length of the largest string that can be stored in the string object
int size () const; // Return the size of the current string
int length () const; // Return the length of the current string
bool empty () const; // Whether the current string is empty
void resize (int len, char c); // Set the current size of the string to len, and fill the insufficient
input and output operations of the
string class with the character c : the string overload operator operator >> is used for input, and the overload operator operator << is also used for output operations.
The function getline (istream & in, string & s); is used to read the string from the input stream in to s, separated by a newline character '\ n'.
Assignment of
string : string & operator = (const string & s); // Assign the string s to the current string
string & assign (const char * s); // Use the c-type string s to assign
string & assign (const char * s, int n); // The n characters starting with the c string s are assigned
string & assign (const string & s); // The string s is assigned to the current string
string & assign (int n, char c);
string & assign (const string & s, int start, int n); // Assign the n characters from start in string s to the current
stringstring & assign (const_iterator first, const_itertor last); // Iterate first and last The part between the devices is assigned to
the connection of the string string:
string & operator + = (const string & s); // Connect the string s to the end of the current string
string & append (const char * s); // The character of type c The string s is connected to the end of the current string
string & append (const char * s, int n); // The first n characters of the type c string s are connected to the end of the current string
string & append (const string & s); // Same operator + = ()
string & append (const string & s, int pos, int n); // Connect the n characters in the string s starting from pos to the end of the current string
string & append (int n, char c); / / Add n characters at the end of the current string c
string & append (const_iterator first, const_iterator last); // Compare the part between the iterator first and last to the end of the current string String
comparison:
bool operator == (const string & s1,const string & s2) const; // Compare whether two strings are equal
Operator ">", "<", "> =", "<=", "! =" Are overloaded for string comparison;
int compare (const string & s) const; // Compare the current string And s size
int compare (int pos, int n, const string & s) const; // Compare the string of n characters starting from pos and the size of s
int compare (int pos, int n, const string & s, int pos2, int n2) const; // Compare the size of the string consisting of n characters starting with pos and the string consisting of n 2 characters starting with pos2 in s
int compare (const char * s ) const;
int compare (int pos, int n, const char * s) const;
int compare (int pos, int n, const char * s, int pos2) const;
compare function returns 1 when> and returns-when < 1, == returns
a substring of 0 string:
string substr (int pos = 0, int n = npos) const; // returns a string of n characters beginning with pos
, the exchange of the string :
void swap (string & s2) ;// Swap the current string with the value of s2.
The search function of the string class:
int find (char c, int pos = 0) const; // Find the position of the character c in the current string from pos
int find (const char * s, int pos = 0) const; // Find the position of the string s in the current string from pos
int find (const char * s, int pos, int n) const; // From pos Start to find the position of the first n characters in the string s in the current string
int find (const string & s, int pos = 0) const; // Find the position of the string s in the current string from pos
// When the search is successful Return to the position, fail to return the value of string :: npos
int rfind (char c, int pos = npos) const; // Find the position of character c in the current string from pos from back to
int rfind (const char * s , int pos = npos) const;
int rfind (const char * s, int pos, int n = npos) const;
int rfind (const string & s, int pos = npos) const;
// find from pos onwards The position of the string consisting of the first n characters in the string s in the current string, the position is returned if successful, and the value of string :: npos is returned when it fails
int find_first_of (char c, int pos = 0) const; // From pos Start looking for the first occurrence of the character c
int find_first_of (const char * s, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_of (const char * s, int pos, int n) const;
int find_first_of (const string & s, int pos = 0) const;
// Find the first n characters of s in the current string starting from pos The position of the characters in the array. If the search fails, return string :: npos
int find_first_not_of (char c, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_not_of (const char * s, int pos = 0) const;
int find_first_not_of (const char * s, int pos, int n) const ;
int find_first_not_of (const string & s, int pos = 0) const;
// Find the position of the first character not in the string s from the current string, return string :: npos
int find_last_of (char c, int pos = npos) const;
int find_last_of (const char * s, int pos = npos) const;
int find_last_of (const char * s, int pos, int n = npos) const;
int find_last_of (const string & s, int pos = npos) const ;
int find_last_not_of (char c, int pos = npos) const;
int find_last_not_of (const char * s, int pos = npos) const;
int find_last_not_of (const char * s, int pos, int n) const;
int find_last_not_of (const string & s , int pos = npos) const;
// find_last_of and find_last_not_of are similar to find_first_of and find_first_not_of, but they are
the replacement functions for finding the string class from back to front :
string & replace (int p0, int n0, const char * s); Delete n0 characters starting from p0, then insert string s
string & replace (int p0, int n0, const char * s, int n) at p0; // Delete n0 characters starting at p0, then insert characters at p0 The first n characters of
string s string & replace (int p0, int n0, const string & s); // Remove the n0 characters starting from p0, and then insert the string s
string & replace (int p0, int n0, const string at p0 & s, int pos, int n); // Delete the n0 characters starting at p0, then insert the n characters starting at pos in the string s at p0
string & replace (int p0, int n0, int n, char c); // Delete the n0 characters starting with p0, then insert n characters at p0 c
string & replace (iterator first0, iterator last0, const char * s); // Replace the part between [first0, last0) with the string s
string & replace (iterator first0, iterator last0, const char * s, int n); // Replace the part between [first0, last0) with s The first n characters of
string & replace (iterator first0, iterator last0, const string & s); // Replace the part between [first0, last0) with string s
string & replace (iterator first0, iterator last0, int n, char c) ; // Replace the part between [first0, last0) with n characters c
string & replace (iterator first0, iterator last0, const_iterator first, const_iterator last); // Replace the part between [first0, last0) with [
The insertion function of the string class between first and last) :
string & insert (int p0, const char * s);
string & insert (int p0, const char * s, int n);
string & insert (int p0, const string & s);
string & insert (int p0, const string & s, int pos, int n);
// The first 4 functions insert the first n characters of
string s starting at pos in the position p0 & insert (int p0, int n, char c); // This function inserts n characters at p0 c
iterator insert (iterator it, char c); // Insert character c at it and return the position of the iterator after insertion
void insert (iterator it, const_iterator first, const_iterator last); // Insert characters between [first, last) at it
void insert (iterator it, int n, char c); // Insert n characters at it c
string delete function
iterator erase (iterator first, iterator last); // delete all characters between [first, last), return the position of the
iterator after deletion iterator erase (iterator it); // delete it pointed Characters, return the position of the iterator after deletion
string & erase (int pos = 0, int n = npos); // Delete the n characters starting with pos, and return
the iterator processing of the modified string string class:
The string class provides an iterator iterator that traverses forward and backward. The iterator provides a syntax for accessing individual characters. Similar to pointer operations, the iterator does not check the scope.
Use string :: iterator or string :: const_iterator to declare iterator variables. Const_iterator does not allow you to change the contents of the iterator. Common iterator functions are:
const_iterator begin () const;
iterator begin (); // Return the start position of
stringconst_iterator end () const;
iterator end (); // Return the position after the last character of
stringconst_iterator rbegin ( ) const;
iterator rbegin (); // return the position of the last character of the string
const_iterator rend () const;
iterator rend (); // return the front of the first character position of the string
rbegin and rend are used from back to forward Iterative access, by setting iterator string :: reverse_iterator, string :: const_reverse_iterator to achieve
string stream processing:
by defining the ostringstream and istringstream variables, <sstream> header file
For example:
string input ("hello, this is a test") ;
istringstream is (input);
string s1,s2,s3,s4;
is>>s1>>s2>>s3>>s4;//s1="hello,this",s2="is",s3="a",s4="test"
ostringstream os;
os<<s1<<s2<<s3<<s4;
cout<<os.str();
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