Vim command line mode to invoke shell command mode (note)

This article is part of the notes when reading vim practical skills

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When operating in vim, we can easily call shell commands. Here are some of the most useful ways to call external commands:

1. :shell: Start a shell (enter exit to return to vim)
2. :!{cmd}: Execute {cmd} in the shell
3. :read !{cmd}: Execute {cmd} in the shell and insert its standard output under the cursor
4. :[range]write !{cmd}: Execute {cmd} in the shell with [range] as its standard input
5. :[range]!{filter}: Use the external program {filter} to filter the specified [range]