Pyqt entry: Pyqt5 + Pycharm environment configuration as well as entry-qt small test program

Recently, a course teacher told us some of the graphical interface QT, with Qtcreator, before graphical interface has been using python comes tkinter, all graphical interface implemented in code previously know qt very strong, things are just as is learning there are many, there is no time to learn, the teacher also spoke recently Qt, also demonstrated some drag, automatically builds the code directly drag the module layout, really easy, do not code debugging, I do not like to get use c ++, like with python, python configured to search the Qt development environment, coupled with the high number of today do not want to review it to learn qt, the way the process is recorded as follows: for everyone to learn ~

Some reference configuration is successful bloggers, to a portal, I omitted - Portal: https://blog.csdn.net/dz4543/article/details/81980389

When you follow the above configuration is successful blogger, qt to install your success! After Qtdesigner with good design can convert python qt version of the code,

If you want to succeed in pycharm inside run, also need to add the following code

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

The following example is designed with QtDesigner calendar, is converted into the following code running python code are the following:

Replaced after Python code, on the inside with the above code, as follows:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'untitled.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QMainWindow
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(800, 398)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.calendarWidget = QtWidgets.QCalendarWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.calendarWidget.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 90, 248, 197))
        self.calendarWidget.setObjectName("calendarWidget")
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

        self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

    def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
#添加代码
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

With the above example in the detailed study qt, pyqt5 Chinese document: http://code.py40.com/pyqt5/14.html

Simple example :( annotated to explain the code to run QtDesigner added above):

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication,QWidget


if __name__ == '__main__':
    #每一pyqt5应用程序必须创建一个应用程序对象。sys.argv参数是一个列表，从命令行输入参数。
    app=QApplication(sys.argv)
    # QWidget部件是pyqt5所有用户界面对象的基类。他为QWidget提供默认构造函数。默认构造函数没有父类。
    W=QWidget()
    #resize()方法调整窗口的大小。这离是250px宽150px高
    W.resize(250,150)
    # move()方法移动窗口在屏幕上的位置到x = 300，y = 300坐标。
    W.move(300,300)
    # 设置窗口的标题
    W.setWindowTitle('样例')
    # 显示在屏幕上
    W.show()
    # 系统exit()方法确保应用程序干净的退出
    # 的exec_()方法有下划线。因为执行是一个Python关键词。因此，exec_()代替
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

 

The application's icon :( window to add the icons) here attention to the need to put a picture with the current directory, and the name of the same name and pictures

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):#初始化方法函数，调用类Example自动执行init代码再调用initUI

        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()  # 界面绘制交给InitUi方法

    def initUI(self):
        # 设置窗口的位置和大小
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 220)
        # 设置窗口的标题
        self.setWindowTitle('Icon')
        # 设置窗口的图标，引用当前目录下的web.png图片
        self.setWindowIcon(QIcon('web.ico'))

        # 显示窗口
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 创建应用程序和对象
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

The above code uses the object-oriented programming, there are three important aspects: classes, variables and methods. Here we create a new class for Examle. Example inherited from the QWidget class.

Display prompt: When the mouse on the button will display the prompt.

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QWidget, QToolTip,QPushButton, QApplication)
from PyQt5.QtGui import QFont

class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        # 这种静态的方法设置一个用于显示工具提示的字体。我们使用10px滑体字体。
        QToolTip.setFont(QFont('SansSerif', 10))

        # 创建一个提示，我们称之为settooltip()方法。我们可以使用丰富的文本格式
        self.setToolTip('This is a <b>QWidget</b> widget')

        # 创建一个PushButton并为他设置一个tooltip
        btn = QPushButton('Button', self)
        btn.setToolTip('This is a <b>QPushButton</b> widget')

        # btn.sizeHint()显示默认尺寸
        btn.resize(btn.sizeHint())

        # 移动窗口的位置
        btn.move(50, 50)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
        self.setWindowTitle('Tooltips')
        self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sy

Close : to create an exit button, click the button to exit.

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QPushButton, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtCore import QCoreApplication


class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        qbtn = QPushButton('Quit', self)
        qbtn.clicked.connect(QCoreApplication.instance().quit)#点击退出方法
        qbtn.resize(qbtn.sizeHint())
        qbtn.move(50, 50)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)
        self.setWindowTitle('Quit button')
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

The message box : By default, if we click the x button in the window closed. Sometimes we want to change this default behavior. For example, we modified a file in the editor, when he was close, we display a message box to confirm. Close the window when triggered QCloseEvent. We need to rewrite closeEvent () event handler.

 

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QMessageBox, QApplication

class Example(QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)
        self.setWindowTitle('Message box')
        self.show()

    def closeEvent(self, event):

        reply = QMessageBox.question(self, 'Message',
                                     "Are you sure to quit?", QMessageBox.Yes |
                                     QMessageBox.No, QMessageBox.No)

        if reply == QMessageBox.Yes:
            event.accept()
        else:
            event.ignore()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Window display in the middle of the screen:

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QDesktopWidget, QApplication
 
 
class Example(QWidget):
    
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        
        self.initUI()
        
        
    def initUI(self):               
        
        self.resize(250, 150)
        self.center()
        
        self.setWindowTitle('Center')    
        self.show()
        
    
    #控制窗口显示在屏幕中心的方法    
    def center(self):
        
        #获得窗口
        qr = self.frameGeometry()
        #获得屏幕中心点
        cp = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().center()
        #显示到屏幕中心
        qr.moveCenter(cp)
        self.move(qr.topLeft())
        
        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())