Application RT1052 in distribution automation terminal

A, FTUs profile
distribution automation terminal having a remote control, remote, fault detection, and the master station communicates with the distribution automation, distribution system provides various operating conditions and parameters required for control information that is monitored, including switch status, power parameters , phase fault, ground fault and during the fault parameters, and performs issued by the master station command distribution, regulation and power distribution equipment control, fault location, fault isolation and rapid recovery of regional non-fault power supply function.

Two, FTU Features

1. AC quantity gathering: gathering three-phase AC voltage, current (3U3I)
2. Measured and calculated to achieve a voltage, current, zero sequence voltage and zero sequence current, active power, reactive power, power factor, frequency,
3. Direct traffic data collection, DC input channel 2
4. State quantity acquisition: switch status, grounding switch status collection
5. 113-order harmonic component is calculated, analysis and calculation of the phase imbalance
6. Remote signal input (passive, 24V) and a remote control output (closing and opening normally open contact)
7. Sequence of events, historical data, the master station can send information stored in the local
8. Support IEC 608705101, IEC 608705104, CDT92, DNP3.0, MODBUS other common statute
   (FTU reference design does not comprise part of the Statute)
9. Supports a variety of communication, to provide multiple communication interface, RS 232 provides two-way or 2-way RS485 +2 adaptive 10M / 100M Ethernet interface.
10. GPRS module configuration
11. It includes a fault detection and fault determination: overcurrent, overload;
12. Backup power supply when the main power supply is insufficient, or when the disappearance, can automatically and seamlessly input;
13. With time function, SNTP support

Currently on the market a lot of customers use MCU + MPU dual-processor architecture to take advantage of a stable network protocols and file system resources running on real-time and MPU MCU's. So, if we can put MCU + MPU structure with a MCU to replace? The answer is entirely possible, this paper describes the FTU a single-processor core implementations. A hardware block diagram of a conventional scheme as follows:

Advantages of the kinds of programs is to develop a simple, bare metal will develop encryption, file system, master communication protocol into the difficult portion embedded Linux system development, will collect real-time requirements, the remote MCU development into portions. But the disadvantages are also obvious, is to increase the cost, with the FTU's saturated market, the cost of PK determine the direction of future products.

FET1052-C core board straddling the NXP i.MX RT1052 processor design based core mounted ARM Cortex-M7, the microcontroller sets a low power, high performance and ease of application processors, in one scalability . Clocked at 600MHz (industrial grade 528MHz), SRAM 512 KB (TCM), SDRAM 16MB (optional 32MB), QSPI-Nor Flash 4MB (optional 16MB).

Three, FTU hardware reference design

1、采用ADI公司的16bit ADC芯片AD7607-8，通过SPI扩展，做三相电流和三相电压检测，支持8通道同步采样，每个通道均能实现最高200Ksps，内置电压基准，支持真正±10V和±5V双极性信号输入。2路ADC检测直流量，电流检测会使用差分AD输入以提高精度；
2、保留15-16个左右的GPIO口，作为遥信输入和遥控输出，以及状态检测和LED显示等；
3、ARM Cortex-M7处理器最高主频600MHz（工业级528MHz），支持单精度和双精度浮点单元FPU，可做谐波分量计算；
4、引出4个UART口，其中2路作为RS232，2路作为RS485，其中一路UART可以连接GPRS模块或者4G模块，一路可接线损模块；

5, support dual Ethernet ports, all the way to the external network port connected to the controller through the Ethernet PHY chip i.MX RT1052 sheet KSZ8081, another path comprises automatically configuring the Ethernet controller w7500 TCP / IP connection via the UART chip external, embedded PHY , transformer and RJ45, 48 embedded globally unique MAC address;
6,1 Road IIC interface, extended external clock RTC chip RX8010SJ, CPU built-in RTC mA consumption level, extending battery life extended in the RTC time level nA ;
. 7, C-FET1052 core board carrying the QSPI 4MB and 16MB SDRAM NorFlash as program and data space;
8,1 SPI interface to an external network States ESAM chip; 9. CPU two CAN2.0B own controller, up to 1MB / s rate;
9, the temperature detected by DS18B20 achieved, the GPIO simulate a single bus protocol;
10, the CPU chip watchdog timer timeout setting support 0.5-128 seconds

FTU reference design software

（1）使用Linux系统开发

优势：可以降低开发难度，特别是在网络协议栈、文件系统存储方面。因为采用的Linux系统支持网络全协议栈，TCP/IP、UDP、FTP、Telnet、SNTP等多种网络协议。支持EXT3、EXT4、FAT32等文件存储格式，多任务并发处理模式可以多线程多进程方式开发，大大简化工程师的开发难度，而且移植方便。

缺点：Linux操作系统是一个非实时操作系统，由于任务负载的不确定性导致中断响应时间延长，一般的响应时间的单位是ms级别，这在电力系统控制中是非常致命的。而且通常可运行Linux操作系统的CPU方案都带有MMU功能，主频以及内存、存储的配置偏高以维持正常的系统开销，这样无疑会增加产品成本。

（2）基于飞凌公司移植的FreeRTOS实时操作系统开发，FreeRTOS是一个开源的、可移植的、小型的嵌入式实时操作系统内核。支持硬件实时内核、多任务无限制数量并发、任务通信、抢占式调度算法等特性。采用此系统开发不需要占用很大资源的存储以及CPU性能，且可以移植网络协议栈以及文件系统，大大降低了产品的成本。

驱动支持列表：

Freertos_event

Task waiting for an event

Freertos_queue

Logging mechanism based messaging

Freertos_mutex

Mutex using routines

Freertos_sem

Semaphore routine use

Freertos_sem_static

Semaphore routine use

Freertos_swtimer

Software counters and callback methods

Freertos_generic

Queue, software, counter, tick hook, semaphore comprehensive routine

Freertos_tickless

Use LPTMR hardware interrupt or delay wake wake-up routine

Freertos_hello

Freertos_lpi2c_eeprom

IIC drive

Freertos_spspi

SPI driver

Freertos_lpuart

UART driver

Freertos_lwip

Network Driver

Freertos_sdcart

SD, TF card drive

Freertos_usb_examples

USB drive

Based on the configuration table in Annex Feiling embedded pin PINMUX FET1052-C core board!

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Original link: https://www.forlinx.com/article_view_262.html