1. The concept and classification software
The concept of Software 1.1
software is part of a computer system and hardware interdependence, including programs, data and documents associated with
the complete collection.
procedure has been pre-designed functionality and performance required to perform a sequence of instructions;
data enable normal operation of the program information data structure;
document with program development, maintenance and use of materials related to graphics.
1.2 Classification Software
In order of importance
system software
support software
application software
Press architecture
Stand-alone software
distributed software
C / S architecture
B / S architecture
2 software failure
2.1 software is safe? Software errors do?
In 1991, the Patriot missile defense system
American Patriot missile defense system proposed by President Reagan battle Ge defense program (ie, Star Wars), the Gulf War, used to intercept Iraqi Scud missiles, but in Saudi Arabia in Doha defeat, 28 US soldiers were killed. Analysis found that the crux of a software flaw, a small clock timing system error accumulated after 14 hours, the tracking system is no longer accurate. In Doha the attack, the system has been running for more than 100 hours.
In 1994, Disney's The Lion King game
Disney released the first child for the multimedia CD-ROM game: Lion King animation game, Disney had a lot of promotional result, sales are very impressive, the game became the children that year holidays "must buy game." December 26 Christmas after a tender, Disney's phone support technicians who drowned in from angry parents accompanied by children playing games is not a cry of telephone, newspaper and television news has been widely reported . Later confirmed that the Disney company's software to work in a very small number of systems (such as systems development at Disney programmers for game), but they can not run on the system used by most of the public.
In 2000, the millennium bug problem
20C70S, the United States has developed a programmer bit payroll system, when the computer storage space is very small, in order to save storage space, the 4-digit date reduced to 2 digits, such as 1973-73. He simply believes that only a problem in reaching the problem occurs when in 2000 his program calculates 00 or 01 this year, he finds that the program will certainly be upgraded or replaced within 25 years, and the task at hand than it is now not plan away and the future is more important. Later, retired programmer, the program is still in use, no one would think of how deep into the inspection program in 2000 is compatible with the problem, let alone change it. It is estimated that around the world to check and resolve compatibility issues and errors in 2000 spent hundreds of billions of dollars
2.2 software crisis (software crisis)
20 1960s and 1970s, has seen a dramatic growth in the number of software, but the software failure rate of rise of high-speed phenomena.
In early 1968, North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the international academic conference held on the Federal Republic of Germany, computer scientists formally proposed the "software crisis" (Softwre Crisis).
on schedule and cost estimates are not accurate, development costs far exceed the budget, project schedule and efficiency of software development lagged far behind;
submitted by users of the products are often not satisfied;
quality product is not reliable, a lot of defects, maintenance costs are very high ;
document lack of software development process.
Causes of defects 2.3
Second, the definition of software testing
Origin and History of Software Testing 1
early software development, there is no concept testing, development is done debugging, the purpose is to detect and correct faults in the software.
1957 years testing and debugging are distinguished. But think testing should be pushed back, subconsciously we believe that the purpose of the test is to verify the product work.
1972 year held the first formal software testing conference at the University of North Carolina, Bill Hetzel (Bill • Heather) at the meeting the formal definition of the concept of software testing.
1979 Nian, Glenford J.Myers (Myers) gives the classic definition of the test in the "art of software testing" in: testing is to find errors and execution of the program process.
1983 Nian, IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers) standard definition given in software testing, and developed a standardized test.
1996 Nian, Kent Beck (• Kent Beck) theory proposed TDD Test Driven Development in extreme programming methodology XP.
2009 Nian, JamesA.Whittaker (Whitaker) proposed exploratory testing theory.
2 How early tests?
3 definitions of software testing
3.1 classic definition
1979, Myers, "art of software testing"
test is to discover errors in the program execution process.
understanding:
test is to prove that the procedure is wrong, not the certification procedures without error.
a successful test is found wrong so far found no test.
3.2 standard definition
1983，IEEE
using manual or automatic means to run or determination process of a system, which is aimed at testing whether it is full
in accordance with relevant requirements or clarify the difference between the expected results and the actual results.
understanding:
test is to find a balance between user needs and development of technology.
3.3 Domestic definitions
GB/T 11457
based on standard software testing process and testing methods, in accordance with the test plan and test requirements for technical activities of the detected software testing documents, programs and data.
Software testing is a process, not just test test execution, which includes plans to begin to test results from
a series of activities beam.
need to test software testing methods and techniques or skills.
including software programs, data and documents, in addition to the implementation of the program, data and documents also need to be tested.
Third, the process of software testing
1 test requirements analysis
testers for the needs of users to analyze, understand the software what to do, how to do, and to determine how test in the future.
2 preparation of test plans
Test Lead the preparation of test plans;
content test plan
contains product overview, test range / test areas / test items, test objectives / test features, test priorities, test configuration / test resources (hardware, software, human, technology, etc.), test cycle, scheduling (testing tasks, staffing), test strategies, test methods / ways to test communication, risk analysis, testing standards, the need to deliver content documents.
3 Design and preparation of test cases
design use cases mainly reflected in the written test points;
According to the company format or select some template to write test cases.
4 test is performed
set up a test environment;
implementation of test cases, test recording events;
submit and track defects.
5 Evaluation and summary
deviation of the actual testing and analysis plans;
collect and submit various documents and test data, data analysis;
given whether to continue or terminate test test results;
lessons learned.
