First, the sort command sort
Command syntax: sort [Option] File Name
command option:
-f: ignore case
-n: sorting numerical type, the default type is a string sort
-r: Reverse sort
-t: Specifies delimiter; default tab symbol.
-kn [, m]: the character sorted according to the specified range. From the first field n, m end of the field (to the end of the line by default)
Example: Sort user information file - sort / etc / passwd
[root@192 cut]# sort /etc/passwd
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
Example: Reverse sort user information file - sort -r / etc / passwd
[root@192 cut]# sort -r /etc/passwd
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
user3:x:502:502::/home/user3:/bin/bash
user2:x:501:501::/home/user2:/bin/bash
user1:x:500:500::/home/user1:/bin/bash
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
saslauth:x:499:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/home/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
[root@192 cut]#
Example: specify the delimiter ":", a third field for sorting
[root@192 cut]# sort -t ":" -k "3" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/home/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
user1:x:500:500::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2:x:501:501::/home/user2:/bin/bash
user3:x:502:502::/home/user3:/bin/bash
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
[root@192 cut]# sort -t ":" -k "3,3" /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/home/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
user1:x:500:500::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2:x:501:501::/home/user2:/bin/bash
user3:x:502:502::/home/user3:/bin/bash
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
This sort, we found 500 are routed to the front of 6, which is obviously wrong, this is why? Because, when the characters go here sorted, we must use the "-n", numerical sort [sort -n -t ":" -k 3,3 / etc / passwd]
[root@192 cut]# sort -n -t":" -k 3,3 /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:14:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
gopher:x:13:30:gopher:/var/gopher:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
oprofile:x:16:16:Special user account to be used by OProfile:/home/oprofile:/sbin/nologin
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
vcsa:x:69:69:virtual console memory owner:/dev:/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76:"Saslauthd user":/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
user1:x:500:500::/home/user1:/bin/bash
user2:x:501:501::/home/user2:/bin/bash
user3:x:502:502::/home/user3:/bin/bash
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
[root@192 cut]#
Second, the statistical wc command
Command Syntax: wc [options] filename
command options:
the -l count lines
-w count the number of words
number of characters -m statistics
Example: to / etc / passwd file statistics [wc / etc / passwd]
[root@192 cut]# wc /etc/passwd
32 55 1529 /etc/passwd
[root@192 cut]#
Note: Statistics passwd file, there are 32 lines, 55 words, 1529 characters.
Example: on-line statistics passwd file
[root@192 cut]# wc -l /etc/passwd
32 /etc/passwd
[root@192 cut]#
Example: the number of words of statistics passwd file
[root@192 cut]# wc -w /etc/passwd
55 /etc/passwd
[root@192 cut]#
Example: Statistics on the number of characters in the passwd file
[root@192 cut]# wc -m /etc/passwd
1529 /etc/passwd
[root@192 cut]#
