Welcome to the Python team official document translation: https://www.transifex.com/python-doc/
os Module Introduction: mainstream operating system Windows, UNIX, Mac OS, etc., os module provides support related functions to access a variety of operating systems, involving realization of the files related to operating functions, operating system access Path path, shell command obtain hardware-related information line operation, Linux operating extended attributes, process management, CPU, etc., based on real operations and related operating systems offer some random number of system variables.
os.path Module Introduction: os.path module is used to get the file attributes, and implements some useful functions on pathnames.
Contact with the distinction between these two modules can refer to: "Python: Load the difference between the association and the os and os.path"
os module official document: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html
os.path module official document: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html
Some common function module os:
| function | Features |
|---|---|
| os.environ | Get the current operating system environment variables |
| os.sep | Gets the operating system used to separate the different parts of the character path, Windows is //, Linux is\ |
| os.name | Get the current name of the working platform, Windows is nt, Linux isposix |
| os.getenv(key, default=None) | Gets an environment variable, if not return none, key, default and return values are of type string str |
| os.getcwd() | Get the current path is located |
| os.system(command) | Run in the sub-shell (command is a command string) |
| os.urandom (n) | Obtaining a size of n bytes for the random number using the encryption string |
| os.listdir(path=’.’) | Return all files and directories under the specified directory |
| os.mkdir(path) | Create a directory, if the directory already exists, an exception is thrown FileExistsError |
| os.makedirs(path) | Create a multi-layer recursive directory, if the directory are all present, an exception is thrown FileExistsError |
| os.rmdir(path) | To delete a empty directory, if the directory does not exist or is not empty, it will be thrown FileNotFoundError are abnormal or OSError |
| os.removedirs(path) | Delete multilayer recursive empty directory, if there are files in the directory can not be deleted |
| os.chdir(path) | Change the current directory to the specified directory |
| os.rename(src, dst) | The file or directory dst src rename On Windows, if dst already exists, an exception is thrown FileExistsError on Unix, if the file src and dst is a directory, an exception will be thrown IsADirectoryError, otherwise an exception is thrown NotADirectoryError in Unix on both the directory and if dst is empty, dst are silently replaced. If a non-empty directory dst, OSError exception is thrown on Unix, if both file, in a case where the user has authority, will silently Alternatively dst if src and dst on different file systems, the present on some Unix operating branch may fail |
Some common function module os.path:
| function | Features |
|---|---|
| os.path.abspath(path) | Returns the absolute path |
| os.path.basename(path) | Returns the file name |
| os.path.commonprefix(list) | Return list (multiple paths), all of the common path of the longest path |
| os.path.dirname(path) | Returns the file path |
| os.path.exists(path) | If the path path exists, returns True; path if the path does not exist, returns False |
| os.path.lexists | Returns True path exists, the path returns True damage |
| os.path.expanduser(path) | The path contained in ~and ~userconverted into a user directory |
| os.path.expandvars(path) | Alternatively path based on the value contained in the environment variables $nameand${name} |
| os.path.getatime (path) | Returns the last access time (floating-point number of seconds) |
| os.path.getmtime(path) | Returns last file modification time |
| os.path.getctime(path) | 返回文件 path 创建时间 |
| os.path.getsize(path) | 返回文件大小，如果文件不存在就返回错误 |
| os.path.isabs(path) | 判断是否为绝对路径 |
| os.path.isfile(path) | 判断路径是否为文件 |
| os.path.isdir(path) | 判断路径是否为目录 |
| os.path.islink(path) | 判断路径是否为链接 |
| os.path.ismount(path) | 判断路径是否为挂载点 |
| os.path.join(path1[, path2[, …]]) | 把目录和文件名合成一个路径 |
| os.path.normcase(path) | 转换 path 的大小写和斜杠 |
| os.path.normpath(path) | 规范 path 字符串形式 |
| os.path.realpath(path) | 返回 path 的真实路径 |
| os.path.relpath(path[, start]) | 从 start 开始计算相对路径 |
| os.path.samefile(path1, path2) | 判断目录或文件是否相同 |
| os.path.sameopenfile(fp1, fp2) | 判断 fp1 和 fp2 是否指向同一文件 |
| os.path.samestat(stat1, stat2) | 判断 stat tuple stat1 和 stat2 是否指向同一个文件 |
| os.path.split(path) | 把路径分割成 dirname 和 basename，返回一个元组 |
| os.path.splitdrive(path) | 一般用在 windows 下，返回驱动器名和路径组成的元组 |
| os.path.splitext(path) | 分割路径，返回路径名和文件扩展名的元组 |
| os.path.splitunc(path) | 把路径分割为加载点与文件 |
| os.path.walk(path, visit, arg) | 遍历path，进入每个目录都调用 visit 函数，visit 函数必须有3个参数 (arg, dirname, names)，dirname 表示当前目录的目录名，names 代表当前目录下的所有文件名，args 则为 walk 的第三个参数 |
| os.path.supports_unicode_filenames | 设置是否支持 unicode 路径名 |
