Docker手册

Docker

安装Docker

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh
# 或
curl -sSL http://acs-public-mirror.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/docker-engine/internet | sh
# 查看版本
docker -v
# 启动服务
systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker
# 验证docker安装成功
docker run hello-world

Docker命令

容器命令

• 查看命令

# 查看所有容器包括停止的
docker ps -a

# 查看运行容器状态
docker ps

# 查看最后一次运行容器信息
docker ps -l

# 查看容器日志
docker logs <ID|容器名称>

# 进入容器
docker exec -it <ID|容器名称> /bin/bash

# 查看容器详情
docker inspect

• 操作命令

# 停止容器
docker stop <ID|容器名称>

# 启动之前已经停止的docker_run镜像
docker start <ID|容器名称>

# 删除容器（需停止容器后再删除）
docker rm -f <ID|容器名称>

关于RUN指令的更多

镜像命令

• 查看命令

# 查看本地所有镜像
docker images

• 操作命令

# 运行镜像
# docker run --name yijitomcat --privileged -p 8080:8080 -v $PWD/tomcat/logs:/home/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/logs --mount type=volume,src=$PWD/tomcat/conf,dst=/home/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/conf -d mytomcat
docker run --name <容器名称> --privileged -p <宿主机映射端口>:<容器被映射端口> -v <宿主机映射目录>:<容器被映射目录> -d <镜像名称|镜像ID>
# 删除镜像
docker rmi <imageId>
# 拉取镜像
docker pull <镜像名称:版本>
# 查找镜像
docker search <镜像名称>

Volume相关操作

# 新增卷
docker volume create --name volumeName

# 查看卷详情
docker volume inspect myVolume

# 查看卷列表
docker volume list

# 挂载到镜像
docker run -d --name yijitomcat -v volumeName:/home/tomcat mytomcat

# 删除镜像时删除挂载
docker rm -v -f yijitomcat

# 查看孤卷
docker volume ls -qf dangling=true

# 删除孤卷
docker volume rm $(docker volume ls -qf dangling=true)

# 授权一个容器访问另一个容器的Volume
docker run -d --volumes-from <另外一个容器> -t <tag> <镜像名称>

Volume官方文档

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Docker的持久化和还原

持久化镜像

docker save <imageId>> /tmp/save_image.tar 

持久化容器

docker export <containerId> > /tmp/export_container.tar 

导入持久化的镜像

# 加载镜像
docker load < /tmp/save_image.tar
# 为镜像打TAG
docker tag <imageId> load:tag 

导入持久化的容器

# 注意，导入之后是生成新的镜像而不是容器！
cat /tmp/export_container.tar | docker import - <imageName>:<imageTag> 

两种方式的比较

导出容器再导入为镜像的方式会丢失历史信息，而保存镜像再加载为镜像的方式不会丢失历史和层，可以做到层回滚，从下图两者的大小亦可看出些许端倪。

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DockerFile

简单例子

docker build -t runoob/centos:6.7 .

• -t ：指定要创建的目标镜像名
• . ：Dockerfile 文件所在目录，可以指定Dockerfile 的绝对路径

搭建Tomcat镜像例子

FROM centos
LABEL maintainer jlcon@qq.com

WORKDIR /home
ENV LANG C.UTF-8
RUN echo "zhun bei zi yuan..."
# ADD可自动解压文件
ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.31.tar.gz /home
ADD jdk-8u171-linux-x64.tar.gz /home
ADD which /usr/bin

ENV CATALINA_HOME /home/apache-tomcat-8.5.31
ENV JAVA_HOME /home/jdk1.8.0_171
ENV PATH $CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
ENV PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH

CMD ["/home/apache-tomcat-8.5.31/bin/catalina.sh","run"]

自定义镜像

tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://nwgq096a.mirror.aliyuncs.com"], #镜像加速地址
  "insecure-registries":["192.168.116.148:5000"] # Docker如果需要从非SSL源管理镜像，这里加上。
  "max-concurrent-downloads": 10,
  "live-restore": true
}
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

加速器

• Daocloud

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://8431ce13.m.daocloud.io

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Daemon.json 文件全览

{
    "authorization-plugins": [],
    "data-root": "",
    "dns": [],
    "dns-opts": [],
    "dns-search": [],
    "exec-opts": [],
    "exec-root": "",
    "experimental": false,
    "storage-driver": "",
    "storage-opts": [],
    "labels": [],
    "live-restore": true,
    "log-driver": "",
    "log-opts": {},
    "mtu": 0,
    "pidfile": "",
    "cluster-store": "",
    "cluster-store-opts": {},
    "cluster-advertise": "",
    "max-concurrent-downloads": 3,
    "max-concurrent-uploads": 5,
    "default-shm-size": "64M",
    "shutdown-timeout": 15,
    "debug": true,
    "hosts": [],
    "log-level": "",
    "tls": true,
    "tlsverify": true,
    "tlscacert": "",
    "tlscert": "",
    "tlskey": "",
    "swarm-default-advertise-addr": "",
    "api-cors-header": "",
    "selinux-enabled": false,
    "userns-remap": "",
    "group": "",
    "cgroup-parent": "",
    "default-ulimits": {},
    "init": false,
    "init-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-init",
    "ipv6": false,
    "iptables": false,
    "ip-forward": false,
    "ip-masq": false,
    "userland-proxy": false,
    "userland-proxy-path": "/usr/libexec/docker-proxy",
    "ip": "0.0.0.0",
    "bridge": "",
    "bip": "",
    "fixed-cidr": "",
    "fixed-cidr-v6": "",
    "default-gateway": "",
    "default-gateway-v6": "",
    "icc": false,
    "raw-logs": false,
    "allow-nondistributable-artifacts": [],
    "registry-mirrors": [],
    "seccomp-profile": "",
    "insecure-registries": [],
    "no-new-privileges": false,
    "default-runtime": "runc",
    "oom-score-adjust": -500,
    "node-generic-resources": ["NVIDIA-GPU=UUID1", "NVIDIA-GPU=UUID2"],
    "runtimes": {
        "cc-runtime": {
            "path": "/usr/bin/cc-runtime"
        },
        "custom": {
            "path": "/usr/local/bin/my-runc-replacement",
            "runtimeArgs": [
                "--debug"
            ]
        }
    }
}

• debug: it changes the daemon to debug mode when set to true.
• cluster-store: it reloads the discovery store with the new address.
• cluster-store-opts: it uses the new options to reload the discovery store.
• cluster-advertise: it modifies the address advertised after reloading.
• labels: it replaces the daemon labels with a new set of labels.
• live-restore: Enables keeping containers alive during daemon downtime.
• max-concurrent-downloads: it updates the max concurrent downloads for each pull.
• max-concurrent-uploads: it updates the max concurrent uploads for each push.
• default-runtime: it updates the runtime to be used if not is specified at container creation. It defaults to “default” which is the runtime - shipped with the official docker packages.
• runtimes: it updates the list of available OCI runtimes that can be used to run containers
• authorization-plugin: specifies the authorization plugins to use.
• allow-nondistributable-artifacts: Replaces the set of registries to which the daemon will push nondistributable artifacts with a new set of - registries.
• insecure-registries: it replaces the daemon insecure registries with a new set of insecure registries. If some existing insecure registries in - daemon’s configuration are not in newly reloaded insecure resgitries, these existing ones will be removed from daemon’s config.
• registry-mirrors: it replaces the daemon registry mirrors with a new set of registry mirrors. If some existing registry mirrors in daemon’s - configuration are not in newly reloaded registry mirrors, these existing ones will be removed from daemon’s config.

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daemon-configuration-file详解

搭建私有仓库

拉取registry镜像

docker pull registry

打开防火墙

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5000/tcp --permanent

启动

docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --privileged=true -v /opt/registry:/tmp/registry registry  

• -d 是后台启动容器。
• -p 将容器的 5000 端口映射到 Host 的 5000 端口。5000 是 registry 服务端口。
• -v 将容器 /tmp/registry目录映射到宿主机的/opt/registry，用于存放镜像数据。
• –privileged=true ：CentOS7中的安全模块selinux把权限禁掉了，参数给容器加特权，不加上传镜像会报权限错误(OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: ‘/tmp/registry/repositories/liibrary’)或者（Received unexpected HTTP status: 500 Internal Server Error）错误

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上传镜像到私服

# 通过 docker tag重命名镜像，使之与registry匹配。
docker tag <tagName> <ip>:<port:5000>/<name>:<版本号>
# 上传
docker push <ip>:5000/<name>:<版本号>
# 下载
docker pull <ip>:5000/wsf:v1
# 查看Registry中所有镜像信息
curl http://<ip>:5000/v2/_catalog

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参考资料

• Docker 教程
• docker使用总结
• Docker官方手册
• Dockerfile 官方文档
• Docker实践(二)：容器的管理(创建、查看、启动、终止、删除)
• Docker之应用数据管理(volume/bind mount/tmpfs)

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---

Kubernetes

安装Kubernetes

参考资料

• Kubernetes是什么
• Kubernetes(K8S)集群管理Docker容器（部署篇）
• kubernetes（k8s）以及涉及组件简单介绍
• kubernetes Github