阿里云RDS XtraBackup备份与binlog增量恢复

本文档是针对阿里云RDS的全量备份为基础的。阿里云RDS的物理全量备份是基于备库的，所以我们在恢复的时候，需要根据备库的全量数据加上主库的binlog来恢复数据。

方案前期准备工作：

1. 本地xtrabackup安装

2. RDS主库binlog备份（RDS本身也有备份，但是时间间隔长，数据差异可能大一些）

3. RDS开启物理备份

方案总体步骤如下：

1. 下载RDS备库物理备份数据

2. 确定需要同步的binlog文件

3. 恢复RDS物理备份数据

4. 恢复主库增量的binlog数据

阿里云的备份命令：

tool_name = innobackupex
tool_command = --defaults-file=/etc/my3016.cnf --password=... --user=aliyun_root --host=127.0.0.1 --port=3016 --tmpdir=/home/mysql/backup/3016 --rocksdb_checkpoint_path=/mysqldata/backup_tmp/11293269_5067582 --rds-xb-fd-limits=400000 --slave-info --stream=tar /home/mysql/backup/3016

开始对方案进行操作

一、备份，使用阿里的备份就可以

innobackupex --defaults-file=/export/server/mysql/slave/config/my.cnf --backup --socket=/export/server/mysql/slave/mysql.sock --password=123456 --user=root --host=127.0.0.1 --port=3900 --rds-xb-fd-limits=400000  --slave-info  /export/data/mysql/restore01

二、恢复到一个新数据库

2.1 准备全量备份

innobackupex --apply-log /export/data/mysql/restore01/2019-04-04_19-42-24/

2.2 恢复到一个新的数据目录

innobackupex  --defaults-file=/export/server/mysql/restore/config/my.cnf --copy-back --rsync /export/data/mysql/restore01/2019-04-04_19-42-24/

附上my.cnf配置

[client] port = 4000 socket = /export/server/mysql/restore/mysql.sock default-character-set=utf8 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] server_id = 2 port = 4000 user = mysql character-set-server = utf8mb4 default_storage_engine = innodb log_timestamps = SYSTEM socket = /export/server/mysql/restore/mysql.sock basedir = /export/local/mysql datadir = /export/data/mysql/restore pid-file = /export/server/mysql/restore/mysql.pid max_connections = 10000 max_connect_errors = 10000 table_open_cache = 1024 max_allowed_packet = 128M open_files_limit = 65535 lower_case_table_names = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_write_io_threads = 4 innodb_read_io_threads = 4 innodb_purge_threads = 2 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 80 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 30 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend slow_query_log = 1 long_query_time = 1 log_error = /export/server/mysql/restore/log/mysql_error.log slow_query_log_file = /export/server/mysql/restore/log/mysql_slow.log transaction-isolation=Read-Committed log-bin = mysql-bin innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 binlog_ignore_db = mysql lower_case_table_names=1 max_connect_errors=1000

这里需要手动创建mysql_slow.log、mysql_error.log文件，并赋予mysql:mysql属主权限：

chown  mysql:mysql  /export/server/mysql/restore chown  mysql:mysql  /export/data/mysql/restore

2.3 启动数据库

nohup  /export/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/export/server/mysql/restore/config/my.cnf &

2.4 恢复增量binlog

可以根据/export/data/mysql/restore01/2019-04-04_19-42-24/目录下的xtrabackup_slave_info的文件内容，判断上次备份的路径

我这里是：

CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=20561581;

2.5 恢复增量binlog数据

mysqlbinlog --start-position=20561581 /export/data/mysql/master/mysql-bin.000003 | /export/local/mysql/bin/mysql  -S /export/server/mysql/restore/mysql.sock  --port=3900 -uroot -p123456