SQL标准的Apache Calcite
statement:
setStatement
| resetStatement
| explain
| describe
| insert
| update
| merge
| delete
| query
setStatement:
[ ALTER ( SYSTEM | SESSION ) ] SET identifier '=' expression
resetStatement:
[ ALTER ( SYSTEM | SESSION ) ] RESET identifier
| [ ALTER ( SYSTEM | SESSION ) ] RESET ALL
explain:
EXPLAIN PLAN
[ WITH TYPE | WITH IMPLEMENTATION | WITHOUT IMPLEMENTATION ]
[ EXCLUDING ATTRIBUTES | INCLUDING [ ALL ] ATTRIBUTES ]
[ AS JSON | AS XML ]
FOR ( query | insert | update | merge | delete )
describe:
DESCRIBE DATABASE databaseName
| DESCRIBE CATALOG [ databaseName . ] catalogName
| DESCRIBE SCHEMA [ [ databaseName . ] catalogName ] . schemaName
| DESCRIBE [ TABLE ] [ [ [ databaseName . ] catalogName . ] schemaName . ] tableName [ columnName ]
| DESCRIBE [ STATEMENT ] ( query | insert | update | merge | delete )
insert:
( INSERT | UPSERT ) INTO tablePrimary
[ '(' column [, column ]* ')' ]
query
update:
UPDATE tablePrimary
SET assign [, assign ]*
[ WHERE booleanExpression ]
assign:
identifier '=' expression
merge:
MERGE INTO tablePrimary [ [ AS ] alias ]
USING tablePrimary
ON booleanExpression
[ WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET assign [, assign ]* ]
[ WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT VALUES '(' value [ , value ]* ')' ]
delete:
DELETE FROM tablePrimary [ [ AS ] alias ]
[ WHERE booleanExpression ]
query:
values
| WITH withItem [ , withItem ]* query
| {
select
| selectWithoutFrom
| query UNION [ ALL | DISTINCT ] query
| query EXCEPT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] query
| query MINUS [ ALL | DISTINCT ] query
| query INTERSECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ] query
}
[ ORDER BY orderItem [, orderItem ]* ]
[ LIMIT [ start, ] { count | ALL } ]
[ OFFSET start { ROW | ROWS } ]
[ FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ count ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY ]
withItem:
name
[ '(' column [, column ]* ')' ]
AS '(' query ')'
orderItem:
expression [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]
select:
SELECT [ STREAM ] [ ALL | DISTINCT ]
{ * | projectItem [, projectItem ]* }
FROM tableExpression
[ WHERE booleanExpression ]
[ GROUP BY { groupItem [, groupItem ]* } ]
[ HAVING booleanExpression ]
[ WINDOW windowName AS windowSpec [, windowName AS windowSpec ]* ]
selectWithoutFrom:
SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT ]
{ * | projectItem [, projectItem ]* }
projectItem:
expression [ [ AS ] columnAlias ]
| tableAlias . *
tableExpression:
tableReference [, tableReference ]*
| tableExpression [ NATURAL ] [ ( LEFT | RIGHT | FULL ) [ OUTER ] ] JOIN tableExpression [ joinCondition ]
| tableExpression CROSS JOIN tableExpression
| tableExpression [ CROSS | OUTER ] APPLY tableExpression
joinCondition:
ON booleanExpression
| USING '(' column [, column ]* ')'
tableReference:
tablePrimary
[ matchRecognize ]
[ [ AS ] alias [ '(' columnAlias [, columnAlias ]* ')' ] ]
tablePrimary:
[ [ catalogName . ] schemaName . ] tableName
'(' TABLE [ [ catalogName . ] schemaName . ] tableName ')'
| tablePrimary [ EXTEND ] '(' columnDecl [, columnDecl ]* ')'
| [ LATERAL ] '(' query ')'
| UNNEST '(' expression ')' [ WITH ORDINALITY ]
| [ LATERAL ] TABLE '(' [ SPECIFIC ] functionName '(' expression [, expression ]* ')' ')'
columnDecl:
column type [ NOT NULL ]
values:
VALUES expression [, expression ]*
groupItem:
expression
| '(' ')'
| '(' expression [, expression ]* ')'
| CUBE '(' expression [, expression ]* ')'
| ROLLUP '(' expression [, expression ]* ')'
| GROUPING SETS '(' groupItem [, groupItem ]* ')'
windowRef:
windowName
| windowSpec
windowSpec:
[ windowName ]
'('
[ ORDER BY orderItem [, orderItem ]* ]
[ PARTITION BY expression [, expression ]* ]
[
RANGE numericOrIntervalExpression { PRECEDING | FOLLOWING }
| ROWS numericExpression { PRECEDING | FOLLOWING }
]
')'
在insert中,如果insert或UPSERT语句没有指定目标列的列表,查询的列数必须与目标表相同,除非是在某些一致性级别。
在merge中,至少有一个匹配时和未匹配时的子句必须出现。
tablePrimary可能只包含特定符合性级别的扩展子句;在这些相同的一致性级别中,insert中的任何列都可以被columnDecl替换,其效果类似于将其包含在EXTEND子句中。
在orderItem中,如果表达式是正整数n,它表示SELECT子句中的第n项。
在查询中,count和start可以是无符号整型字面值,也可以是值为整型的动态参数。
aggregate聚合查询是包含GROUP BY或HAVING子句或SELECT子句中的聚合函数的查询。在SELECT中,具有和ORDER BY子句的聚合查询中,所有表达式都必须是当前组中的常量(即,按照group BY子句或常量的定义对常量进行分组)、聚合函数或常量与聚合函数的组合。聚合和分组函数只能出现在聚合查询中,而且只能出现在SELECT、HAVING或ORDER BY子句中。
标量子查询是用作表达式的子查询。如果子查询不返回行,则该值为空;如果它返回多个行,则为错误。
IN、EXISTS和scalar子查询可以出现在表达式的任何地方(例如SELECT子句、where子句、ON子句连接或聚合函数的参数)。
一个IN、EXISTS或scalar子查询可能相互关联;也就是说,它可以引用包含查询的FROM子句中的表。
selectWithoutFrom等价于值,但不是标准SQL,只允许在某些符合级别中使用。
MINUS相当于EXCEPT,但不是标准SQL,只允许在某些一致性级别上使用。
交叉应用和外部应用只允许在某些符合级别。
“限制开始,计数”相当于“限制计数偏移开始”,但只允许在某些符合级别。“LIMIT start, count” is equivalent to “LIMIT count OFFSET start” but is only allowed in certain conformance levels.