发送一个GET（当然可以使用其他类型请求）请求，查询上述索引id
在基本查询中查看所建索引
4.2管理node2.chinasoft.com的elasticsearch
将node1的配置文件拷贝到node2中,并修改配置文件并授权
配置文件中cluster.name的名字一定要一致，当集群内节点启动的时候，默认使用组播（多播），寻找集群中的节点
scp /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml 192.168.3.16:/etc/elasticsearch/
node2:
sed -i 's#node.name: node1.chinasoft.com#node.name: node2.chinasoft.com#g' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
删除这行：
node.master: true
验证：
[root@node2 network-scripts]# egrep -v '#|^$' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: chinasoft_elk_cluster
node.name: node2.chinasoft.com
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch/
bootstrap.mlockall: true
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
mkdir -p /data/es-data
chown elasticsearch.elasticsearch /data/es-data/
启动elasticsearch
service elasticsearch start
chkconfig elasticsearch on
在node2配置中添加如下内容，使用单播模式(尝试了使用组播，但是不生效)
grep -n "^discovery" /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: ["node1.chinasoft.com", "node2.chinasoft.com"]
service elasticsearch restart
在浏览器中查看分片信息，一个索引默认被分成了5个分片，每份数据被分成了五个分片（可以调节分片数量），下图中外围带绿色框的为主分片，不带框的为副本分片，主分片丢失，副本分片会复制一份成为主分片，起到了高可用的作用，主副分片也可以使用负载均衡加快查询速度，但是如果主副本分片都丢失，则索引就是彻底丢失。
4.3使用kopf插件监控elasticsearch
/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/plugin install lmenezes/elasticsearch-kopf
访问：http://192.168.3.17:9200/_plugin/kopf/#!/cluster
点击菜单栏的nodes 可以看出节点的负载，cpu适应情况，java对内存的使用（heap usage），磁盘使用，启动时间
除此之外，kopf插件还提供了REST API 等，类似kopf插件的还有bigdesk，但是bigdesk目前还不支持2.1!安装bigdesk的方法如下
/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/plugin install lukas-vlcek/bigdesk
4.4node间组播通信和分片
当第一个节点启动，它会组播发现其他节点，发现集群名字一样的时候，就会自动加入集群。随便一个节点都是可以连接的，并不是主节点才可以连接，连接的节点起到的作用只是汇总信息展示
最初可以自定义设置分片的个数，分片一旦设置好，就不可以改变。主分片和副本分片都丢失，数据即丢失，无法恢复，可以将无用索引删除。有些老索引或者不常用的索引需要定期删除，否则会导致es资源剩余有限，占用磁盘大，搜索慢等。如果暂时不想删除有些索引，可以在插件中关闭索引，就不会占用内存了。
五、配置logstash
5.1循序渐进学习logstash
启动一个logstash,-e：在命令行执行；input输入，stdin标准输入，是一个插件；output输出，stdout：标准输出
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { stdout{} }' Settings: Debault filter worker: 1
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
chuck ==>输入
2016-10-28T03:10:52.276Z node1.chinasoft.com chuck ==>输出
www.chinasoft.com ==>输入
2016-10-28T03:11:03.169Z node1.chinasoft.com www.chinasoft.com ==>输出
使用rubudebug显示详细输出，codec为一种编解码器
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { stdout{ codec => rubydebug} }'
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
chunck ==>输入
{
"message" => "chunck",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2016-10-28T03:15:02.824Z",
"host" => "node1.chinasoft.com"
} ==>使用rubydebug输出
上述每一条输出的内容称为一个事件，多个相同的输出的内容合并到一起称为一个事件（举例：日志中连续相同的日志输出称为一个事件）
使用logstash将信息写入到elasticsearch
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output { elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"] } }'
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
jack
chunck
www.chinasoft.com
在elasticsearch中写一份，同时在本地输出一份，也就是在本地保留一份文本文件，也就不用在elasticsearch中再定时备份到远端一份了。此处使用的保留文本文件三大优势：1）文本最简单 2）文本可以二次加工 3）文本的压缩比最高
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -e 'input { stdin{} } output {elasticsearch {hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"] } stdout{ codec => rubydebug } }'
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
www.baidu.com
{
"message" => "www.baidu.com",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2016-10-28T03:26:18.736Z",
"host" => "node1.chinasoft.com"
}
www.elastic.co
{
"message" => "www.elastic.co",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2016-10-28T03:26:32.609Z",
"host" => "node1.chinasoft.com"
}
使用logstash启动一个配置文件，会在elasticsearch中写一份
# vim normal.conf
input { stdin { } }
output {
elasticsearch { hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"] }
stdout { codec => rubydebug }
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f normal.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
123
{
"message" => "123",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2016-10-28T03:33:35.899Z",
"host" => "node1.chinasoft.com"
}
chinasoft
{
"message" => "chinasoft",
"@version" => "1",
"@timestamp" => "2016-10-28T03:33:44.641Z",
"host" => "node1.chinasoft.com"
}
5.2学习编写conf格式
输入插件配置，此处以file为例，可以设置多个
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/messages"
type => "syslog"
}
file {
path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
type => "nginx"
}
}
介绍几种收集文件的方式，可以使用数组方式或者用*匹配，也可以写多个path
path => ["/var/log/messages","/var/log/*.log"]
path => ["/data/mysql/mysql.log"]
设置boolean值
ssl_enable => true
文件大小单位
my_bytes => "1113" # 1113 bytes
my_bytes => "10MiB" # 10485760 bytes
my_bytes => "100kib" # 102400 bytes
my_bytes => "180 mb" # 180000000 bytes
jason收集
codec => “json”
hash收集
match => {
"field1" => "value1"
"field2" => "value2"
...
}
端口
port => 21
密码
my_password => "password"
5.3 学习编写input的file插件
5.3.1 input插件之input
sincedb_path：记录logstash读取位置的路径
start_postion :包括beginning和end，指定收集的位置，默认是end，从尾部开始
add_field 加一个域
discover_internal 发现间隔，每隔多久收集一次，默认15秒
5.4 学习编写output的file插件
5.5 通过input和output插件编写conf文件
5.5.1 收集系统日志的conf
------------------------------------------------
# vim nginx.conf
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
type => "nginx"
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
output {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "nginx-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f nginx.conf
------------------------------------------------
5.5.2 收集elasticsearch的error日志
此处把上个system日志和这个error（java程序日志）日志，放在一起。使用if判断，两种日志分别写到不同索引中.此处的type（固定的就是type，不可更改）不可以和日志格式的任何一个域（可以理解为字段）的名称重复，也就是说日志的域不可以有type这个名称。
vim all.conf
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
type => "nginx"
start_position => "beginning"
}
file {
path => "/var/log/elasticsearch/chinasoft_elk_cluster.log"
type => "es-error"
start_position => "beginning"
}
}
output {
if [type] == "nginx" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "nginx-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if [type] == "es-error" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "es-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
}
5.6 把多行整个报错收集到一个事件中
5.6.1举例说明
以at.org开头的内容都属于同一个事件，但是显示在不同行，这样的日志格式看起来很不方便，所以需要把他们合并到一个事件中
5.6.2引入codec的multiline插件
官方文档提供
input {
stdin {
codec => multiline {
` pattern => "pattern, a regexp"
negate => "true" or "false"
what => "previous" or "next"`
}
}
}
regrxp：使用正则，什么情况下把多行合并起来
negate:正向匹配和反向匹配
what:合并到当前行还是下一行
在标准输入和标准输出中测试以证明多行收集到一个日志成功
vim muliline.conf
input {
stdin {
codec => multiline {
pattern => "^\["
negate => true
what => "previous"
}
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f muliline.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
[1
Received an event that has a different character encoding than you configured. {:text=>"\\xE3[1\\n", :expected_charset=>"UTF-8", :level=>:warn}
[2
{
"@timestamp" => "2016-10-28T06:19:59.275Z",
"message" => "\\xE3[1\\n",
"@version" => "1",
"host" => "node1.chinasoft.com"
}
{
chinasoft
chinasoft.com
123456
[3
{
"@timestamp" => "2016-10-28T06:21:13.812Z",
"message" => "[2\n{\nchinasoft\nchinasoft.com\n123456",
"@version" => "1",
"tags" => [
[0] "multiline"
],
"host" => "node1.chinasoft.com"
}
继续将上述实验结果放到all.conf的es-error索引中
vim all.conf
input {
file {
path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
type => "nginx"
start_position => "beginning"
}
file {
path => "/var/log/elasticsearch/chuck-clueser.log"
type => "es-error"
start_position => "beginning"
codec => multiline {
pattern => "^\["
negate => true
what => "previous"
}
}
}
output {
if [type] == "nginx" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "nginx-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if [type] == "es-error" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "es-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
}
六、熟悉kibana
6.1 编辑kinaba配置文件使之生效
# grep '^[a-Z]' /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml
server.port: 5601 # kibana端口
server.host: "0.0.0.0" 对外服务的主机
elasticsearch.url: "http://192.168.3.17:9200" # 和elasticsearch联系
kibana.index: " .kibana # 在elasticsearch中添加.kibana索引
开启一个screen，并启动kibana
yum install -y screen
# screen
# /usr/local/kibana/bin/kibana
使用crtl +a+d退出screen
使用浏览器打开192.168.3.17:5601
6.2 验证error的muliline插件生效
在kibana中添加一个es-error索引
可以看到默认的字段
选择discover查看
验证error的muliline插件生效(即过滤条件，将多行错误转为一行)
七、logstash收集nginx、syslog和tcp日志
7.1收集nginx的访问日志
在这里使用codec的json插件将日志的域进行分段，使用key-value的方式，使日志格式更清晰，易于搜索，还可以降低cpu的负载
更改nginx的配置文件的日志格式，使用json
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
log_format json '{ "@timestamp": "$time_local", '
'"@fields": { '
'"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", '
'"remote_user": "$remote_user", '
'"body_bytes_sent": "$body_bytes_sent", '
'"request_time": "$request_time", '
'"status": "$status", '
'"request": "$request", '
'"request_method": "$request_method", '
'"http_referrer": "$http_referer", '
'"body_bytes_sent":"$body_bytes_sent", '
'"http_x_forwarded_for": "$http_x_forwarded_for", '
'"http_user_agent": "$http_user_agent" } }';
# access_log /var/log/nginx/access_json.log main;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log json;
重新启动nginx
# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
# ss -tunlp|grep nginx
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* users:(("nginx",13590,6),("nginx",13591,6))
日志格式显示如下
使用logstash将nginx访问日志收集起来，继续写到all.conf中
将nginx-log加入kibana中并显示
7.2 收集系统syslog日志
前文中已经使用文件file的形式收集了系统日志/var/log/messages，但是实际生产环境是需要使用syslog插件直接收集
修改syslog的配置文件，把日志信息发送到514端口上
# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
90 *.* @@192.168.3.17
# service rsyslog restart
将system-syslog放到all.conf中，启动all.conf
input {
syslog {
type => "system-syslog"
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "514"
}
file {
path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
type => "nginx"
start_position => "beginning"
}
file {
path => "/var/log/elasticsearch/chuck-clueser.log"
type => "es-error"
start_position => "beginning"
codec => multiline {
pattern => "^\["
negate => true
what => "previous"
}
}
}
output {
if [type] == "nginx" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "nginx-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if [type] == "es-error" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "es-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if [type] == "system-syslog" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "system-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
}
在elasticsearch插件中就可见到增加的system-syslog索引
7.3 收集tcp日志
编写tcp.conf
# vim tcp.conf
input {
tcp {
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "6666"
}
}
output {
stdout {
codec => "rubydebug"
}
}
使用nc对6666端口写入数据
# nc 192.168.3.17 6666 </var/log/yum.log
将信息输入到tcp的伪设备中
将信息输入到tcp的伪设备中
# echo "chinasoft" >/dev/tcp/192.168.3.17/6666
八、logstash解耦之消息队列
8.1 图解使用消息队列架构
数据源Datasource把数据写到input插件中，output插件使用消息队列把消息写入到消息队列Message Queue中，Logstash indexing Instance启动logstash使用input插件读取消息队列中的信息，Fliter插件过滤后在使用output写入到elasticsearch中。
如果生产环境中不适用正则grok匹配，可以写Python脚本从消息队列中读取信息，输出到elasticsearch中
8.2 上图架构的优点
解耦，松耦合
解除了由于网络原因不能直接连elasticsearch的情况
方便架构演变，增加新内容
消息队列可以使用rabbitmq，zeromq等，也可以使用redis，kafka（消息不删除，但是比较重量级）等
九、引入redis到架构中
9.1 使用redis收集logstash的信息
修改redis的配置文件并启动redis
vim /etc/redis.conf
daemonize yes
bind 192.168.3.17
service redis restart
# ss -tunlp|grep 6379
tcp LISTEN 0 128 192.168.3.17:6379 *:* users:(("redis-server",17337,4))
编写redis.conf
# vim redis-out.conf
input{
stdin{
}
}
output{
redis{
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "6379"
db => "6"
data_type => "list" # 数据类型为list
key => "demo"
}
}
启动配置文件输入信息
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f redis-out.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
chinasoft
chinasoft.com
使用redis-cli连接到redis并查看输入的信息
# redis-cli -h 192.168.3.17
redis 192.168.3.17:6379> info
redis_version:2.4.10
redis_git_sha1:00000000
redis_git_dirty:0
arch_bits:64
multiplexing_api:epoll
gcc_version:4.4.6
process_id:17337
uptime_in_seconds:563
uptime_in_days:0
lru_clock:988645
used_cpu_sys:0.13
used_cpu_user:0.11
used_cpu_sys_children:0.00
used_cpu_user_children:0.00
connected_clients:2
connected_slaves:0
client_longest_output_list:0
client_biggest_input_buf:0
blocked_clients:0
used_memory:735488
used_memory_human:718.25K
used_memory_rss:1454080
used_memory_peak:735416
used_memory_peak_human:718.18K
mem_fragmentation_ratio:1.98
mem_allocator:jemalloc-2.2.5
loading:0
aof_enabled:0
changes_since_last_save:2
bgsave_in_progress:0
last_save_time:1477892296
bgrewriteaof_in_progress:0
total_connections_received:2
total_commands_processed:3
expired_keys:0
evicted_keys:0
keyspace_hits:0
keyspace_misses:0
pubsub_channels:0
pubsub_patterns:0
latest_fork_usec:0
vm_enabled:0
role:master
db6:keys=1,expires=0
redis 192.168.3.17:6379> select 6 #选择db6
OK
redis 192.168.3.17:6379[6]> keys * #选择demo这个key
1) "demo"
redis 192.168.3.17:6379[6]> LINDEX demo -2 #查看消息
"{\"message\":\"chinasoft\",\"@version\":\"1\",\"@timestamp\":\"2016-10-31T05:44:02.823Z\",\"host\":\"node1.chinasoft.com\"}"
redis 192.168.3.17:6379[6]> LINDEX demo -1 #查看消息
"{\"message\":\"chinasoft.com\",\"@version\":\"1\",\"@timestamp\":\"2016-10-31T05:44:15.855Z\",\"host\":\"node1.chinasoft.com\"}"
为了下一步写input插件到把消息发送到elasticsearch中，多在redis中写入写数据
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f redis-out.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
chinasoft
chinasoft.com
a
b
c
d
....
查看redis中名字为demo的key长度
redis 192.168.3.17:6379[6]> llen demo
(integer) 37
9.3 将all.conf的内容改为经由redis
编写shipper.conf作为redis收集logstash配置文件
# cp all.conf shipper.conf
# vim shipper.conf
-------------------------------------
input {
syslog {
type => "system-syslog"
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "514"
}
file {
path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
type => "nginx"
start_position => "beginning"
}
file {
path => "/var/log/elasticsearch/chuck-clueser.log"
type => "es-error"
start_position => "beginning"
codec => multiline {
pattern => "^\["
negate => true
what => "previous"
}
}
}
output {
if [type] == "nginx" {
redis{
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "6379"
db => "6"
data_type => "list"
key => "nginx"
}
}
if [type] == "es-error" {
redis {
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "6379"
db => "6"
data_type => "list"
key => "es-error"
}
}
if [type] == "system-syslog" {
redis{
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "6379"
db => "6"
data_type => "list"
key => "system-syslog"
}
}
}
-------------------------------------
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f shipper.conf
Settings: Default pipeline workers: 2
Pipeline main started
在redis中查看keys
192.168.56.11:6379[6]> select 6
OK
192.168.56.11:6379[6]> keys *
1) "demo"
2) "nginx"
在别的机器上用ab进行对3.17的nginx进行压力测试，可以看到redis的变化
# ab -c 10 -n 100000 http://192.168.3.17/
redis 192.168.3.17:6379[6]> llen nginx
(integer) 10002
redis 192.168.3.17:6379[6]> llen nginx
(integer) 11989
redis 192.168.3.17:6379[6]> llen nginx
(integer) 12878
redis 192.168.3.17:6379[6]> llen nginx
(integer) 13757
编写indexer.conf作为redis发送elasticsearch配置文件(配置文件报错：Redis connection problem {:exception=>#<Redis::CommandError: ERR unknown command 'script'>, :level=>:warn}
)测试不成功
# cat indexer.conf
input {
redis {
type => "system-syslog"
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "6379"
db => "6"
data_type => "list"
key => "system-syslog"
}
redis {
type => "nginx"
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "6379"
db => "6"
data_type => "list"
key => "nginx"
}
redis {
type => "es-error"
host => "192.168.3.17"
port => "6379"
db => "6"
data_type => "list"
key => "nginx"
}
}
output {
if [type] == "system-syslog" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "system-syslog-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if [type] == "nginx" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "nginx-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
if [type] == "es-error" {
elasticsearch {
hosts => ["192.168.3.17:9200"]
index => "es-error-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
}
}
}
启动indexer.conf
# /opt/logstash/bin/logstash -f indexer.conf
Settings: Default filter workers: 1
由于日志量小，很快就会全部被发送到elasticsearch，key也就没了，所以多写写数据到日志中
# for n in `seq 10000` ;do echo $n >>/var/log/nginx/access.log;done
# for n in `seq 10000` ;do echo $n >>/var/log/messages;done
十、生产如何上线ELK。
10.1日志分类
系统日志 rsyslog logstash syslog插件
访问日志 nginx logstash codec json
错误日志 file logstash file+ mulitline
运行日志 file logstash codec json
设备日志 syslog logstash syslog插件
debug日志 file logstash json or mulitline
10.2 日志标准化
1）路径固定标准化
2）格式尽量使用json
10.3日志收集步骤
系统日志开始->错误日志->运行日志->访问日志
前文学习了input和output插件，在这里学习fliter插件
kibana中搜索状态码为200或者302的访问记录：
status 302 or status 200
在客户端安装