Djnago图片验证码

实现思路:

1.用户访问页面/login/
- 创建一个图片验证码给用户,让用户输入验证码上的字符串
- 在验证码存在session中
2.用户提交之后的操作:
- 验证是否是Post提交
- 判断用户输入的验证码是否和图片上的验证码一致

我们应该怎样实现呢?
在验证码方便我们要使用Image模块(pip install Pillow)

呈上步奏:
urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,re_path
from app import views
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('login/',views.login),
    path('check_code/',views.check_code),
]

utils/check_code.py

from PIL import Image
from PIL import ImageDraw
from PIL import ImageFont
import random

class ValidCodeImg:
    def __init__(self,width=150,height=30,code_count=5,font_size=32,point_count=20,line_count=3,img_format='png'):
        '''
        可以生成一个经过降噪后的随机验证码的图片
        :param width: 图片宽度 单位px
        :param height: 图片高度 单位px
        :param code_count: 验证码个数
        :param font_size: 字体大小
        :param point_count: 噪点个数
        :param line_count: 划线个数
        :param img_format: 图片格式
        :return 生成的图片的bytes类型的data
        '''
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.code_count = code_count
        self.font_size = font_size
        self.point_count = point_count
        self.line_count = line_count
        self.img_format = img_format

    @staticmethod
    def getRandomColor():
        '''获取一个随机颜色(r,g,b)格式的'''
        c1 = random.randint(0,255)
        c2 = random.randint(0,255)
        c3 = random.randint(0,255)
        return (c1,c2,c3)

    @staticmethod
    def getRandomStr():
        '''获取一个随机字符串,每个字符的颜色也是随机的'''
        random_num = str(random.randint(0, 9))
        random_low_alpha = chr(random.randint(97, 122))
        random_upper_alpha = chr(random.randint(65, 90))
        random_char = random.choice([random_num, random_low_alpha, random_upper_alpha])
        return random_char


    def getValidCodeImg(self):
        # 获取一个Image对象,参数分别是RGB模式。宽150,高30,随机颜色
        image = Image.new('RGB',(self.width,self.height),self.getRandomColor())

        # 获取一个画笔对象,将图片对象传过去
        draw = ImageDraw.Draw(image)

        # 获取一个font字体对象参数是ttf的字体文件的目录,以及字体的大小

        font=ImageFont.truetype('C:/Windows/Fonts/Arial.ttf',size=self.font_size)

        temp = []
        for i in range(self.code_count):
            # 循环5次,获取5个随机字符串
            random_char = self.getRandomStr()

            # 在图片上一次写入得到的随机字符串,参数是:定位,字符串,颜色,字体
            draw.text((10+i*30, -2),random_char , self.getRandomColor(), font=font)

            # 保存随机字符,以供验证用户输入的验证码是否正确时使用
            temp.append(random_char)
        valid_str = "".join(temp)

        # 噪点噪线
        # 划线
        for i in range(self.line_count):
            x1=random.randint(0,self.width)
            x2=random.randint(0,self.width)
            y1=random.randint(0,self.height)
            y2=random.randint(0,self.height)
            draw.line((x1,y1,x2,y2),fill=self.getRandomColor())

        # 画点
        for i in range(self.point_count):
            draw.point([random.randint(0, self.width), random.randint(0, self.height)], fill=self.getRandomColor())
            x = random.randint(0, self.width)
            y = random.randint(0, self.height)
            draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=self.getRandomColor())

        # 在内存生成图片
        from io import BytesIO
        f = BytesIO()
        image.save(f, self.img_format)
        data = f.getvalue()

        return data,valid_str

views.py

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from utils.check_code import ValidCodeImg

def check_code(request):
    img = ValidCodeImg()
    data, valid_str = img.getValidCodeImg()
    print(valid_str)
    request.session['check'] = valid_str
    return HttpResponse(data,valid_str)

def login(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        check = request.POST.get('check')
        print(check)
        if check.upper() == request.session['check']:
            print('验证通过')
        else:
            print('验证失败')
    return render(request,"login.html")

login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
	<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title>Login</title>
		<link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.css">
		<style>
			body{
				margin: 20px 0px;
			}

			#a1{
				display: inline-block;
				border:2px solid aqua;
				border-radius: 10px;
				margin-bottom:16px;

			}
		</style>
	</head>

	<body>


		<div id="loginModal" class="modal show" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="loginModalLable" aria-hidden="true">
			<div class="modal-dialog">
				<div class="modal-content">
					<div class="modal-header">
						<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close">
							<span aria-hidden="true">&times;</span>
						</button>
						<h1 class="text-center text-primary">登录</h1>
					</div>
					<div class="modal-body">
						<form action="/login/" class="form  center-block" method="post">
							<div class="form-group col-md-12">
								<input type="email" class="form-control input-lg" placeholder="电子邮件" name="email">
							</div>
							<div class="form-group col-md-12">
								<input type="password" class="form-control input-lg" placeholder="登录密码" name="pwd">
							</div>

							<div class="form-group col-md-6">
								<input type="text" class="form-control input-lg" placeholder="图片验证码" name="check">

							</div>
							<a href="/login?/" class="col-md-6;border" id="a1"><img style="width: 250px;height:50px" src="/check_code/"></a>
							<div class="form-group">
								<button class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block">立刻登录</button>
								<span><a href="#">找回密码</a></span>
								<span><a href="#" class="pull-right">注册</a></span>
							</div>
						</form>

					</div>
					<div class="modal-footer">

					</div>
				</div>
			</div>
		</div>
		<script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script>
		<script src="/static/bootstrap.js"></script>
		<script>
			$('#loginModal').modal("show");
		</script>
	</body>

</html>

数据库方便就没有进行详细的写,可以在项目中写完整,本文主要测试图片验证码。
上面代码最终实现图:
在这里插入图片描述
在实现中也遇到了一个小问题可以看:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42992704/article/details/104459548 。
这样我们就完成了,验证码的这个功能,感兴趣的话,可以自己做下测试。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_42992704/article/details/104461625