Spring中基于注解的IOC(二):案例与总结

  2.Spring的IOC案例

  创建maven项目

  导入依赖

  pom.xml

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  4.0.0

  cn.cqu

  xmlIOC

  1.0-SNAPSHOT

  jar

  org.springframework

  spring-context

  5.0.2.RELEASE

  commons-dbutils

  commons-dbutils

  1.4

  mysql

  mysql-connector-java

  5.1.6

  c3p0

  c3p0

  0.9.1.2

  junit

  junit

  4.12

  创建数据库

  CREATE TABLE account(

  id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,

  NAME VARCHAR(40),

  money FLOAT

  )CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

  INSERT INTO account(NAME,money)VALUES('aaa',1000);

  INSERT INTO account(NAME,money)VALUES('bbb',1000);

  INSERT INTO account(NAME,money)VALUES('ccc',1000);

  

  Account.java

  package cn.cqu.domain;

  public class Account {

  private Integer id;

  private String name;

  private float money;

  public Integer getId() {

  return id;

  }

  public void setId(Integer id) {

  this.id = id;

  }

  public String getName() {

  return name;

  }

  public void setName(String name) {

  this.name = name;

  }

  public float getMoney() {

  return money;

  }

  public void setMoney(float money) {

  this.money = money;

  }

  @Override

  public String toString() {

  return "Account{" +

  "id=" + id +

  ", name='" + name + '\'' +

  ", money=" + money +

  '}';

  }

  }

  IAccountDao.java

  package cn.cqu.dao;

  import cn.cqu.domain.Account;

  import java.util.List;

  /**

  * 账户的持久层接口

  */

  public interface IAccountDao {

  /**

  * 查询所有

  * @return

  */

  List findAllAccount();

  /**

  * 查询一个

  * @param accountId

  * @return

  */

  Account findById(Integer accountId);

  /**

  * 插入

  * @param account

  */

  void saveAccount(Account account);

  /**

  * 更新

  * @param account

  */

  void updateAccount(Account account);

  /**

  * 删除

  * @param accountId

  */

  void deleteAccount(Integer accountId);

  }

  AccountDaoImpl.java

  package cn.cqu.dao.impl;

  import cn.cqu.dao.IAccountDao;

  import cn.cqu.domain.Account;

  import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

  import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

  import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;

  import java.util.List;

  public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {

  private QueryRunner runner;

  public QueryRunner getRunner() {

  return runner;

  }

  public void setRunner(QueryRunner runner) {

  this.runner = runner;

  }

  public List findAllAccount() {

  try {

  return runner.query("select * from account",new BeanListHandler(Account.class));

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  public Account findById(Integer accountId) {

  try {

  return runner.query("select * from account where id = ?",new BeanHandler(Account.class),accountId);

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  public void saveAccount(Account account) {

  try {

  runner.update("insert into account(name,money)values(?,?)",account.getName(),account.getMoney());

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  public void updateAccount(Account account) {

  try {

  runner.update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  public void deleteAccount(Integer accountId) {

  try {

  runner.update("delete from account where id=?",accountId);

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  }

  IAccountService.java

  package cn.cqu.service;

  import cn.cqu.domain.Account;

  import java.util.List;

  public interface IAccountService {

  /**

  * 查询所有

  * @return

  */

  List findAllAccount();

  /**

  * 查询一个

  * @param accountId

  * @return

  */

  Account findById(Integer accountId);

  /**

  * 插入

  * @param account

  */

  void saveAccount(Account account);

  /**

  * 更新

  * @param account

  */

  void updateAccount(Account account);

  /**

  * 删除

  * @param accountId

  */

  void deleteAccount(Integer accountId);

  }

  AccountServiceImpl.java

  package cn.cqu.service.impl;

  import cn.cqu.domain.Account;

  import cn.cqu.service.IAccountService;

  import cn.cqu.dao.IAccountDao;

  import java.util.List;

  public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {

  private IAccountDao dao;

  public IAccountDao getDao() {

  return dao;

  }

  public void setDao(IAccountDao dao) {

  this.dao = dao;

  }

  public List findAllAccount() {

  return dao.findAllAccount();

  }

  public Account findById(Integer accountId) {

  return dao.findById(accountId);

  }

  public void saveAccount(Account account) {

  dao.saveAccount(account);

  }

  public void updateAccount(Account account) {

  dao.updateAccount(account);

  }

  public void deleteAccount(Integer accountId) {

  dao.deleteAccount(accountId);

  }

  }

  bean.xml

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  AccountServiceTest.java

  package cn.cqu.test;

  import cn.cqu.domain.Account;

  import cn.cqu.service.IAccountService;

  import org.junit.Test;

  import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

  import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

  import java.util.List;

  /**

  * 使用Junit单元测试:测试我们的配置

  */

  public class AccountServiceTest {

  @Test

  public void testFindAll()

  {

  //1.获取容器

  ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");

  //2.得到业务层对象

  IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);

  //3.执行方法

  List accounts = as.findAllAccount();

  for (Account account:accounts)

  {

  System.out.println(account);

  }

  }

  @Test

  public void testFindById()

  {

  //1.获取容器

  ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");

  //2.得到业务层对象

  IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);

  //3.执行方法

  Account account = as.findById(1);

  System.out.println(account);

  }

  @Test

  public void testSaveAccount()

  {

  Account account =new Account();

  account.setName("testFindById");

  account.setMoney(1314);

  //1.获取容器

  ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");

  //2.得到业务层对象

  IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);

  //3.执行方法

  as.saveAccount(account);

  }

  @Test

  public void testUpdate()

  {

  //1.获取容器

  ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");

  //2.得到业务层对象

  IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);

  //3.执行方法

  Account account = as.findById(1);

  account.setMoney(234);

  as.updateAccount(account);

  }

  @Test

  public void testDelete()

  {

  //1.获取容器

  ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");

  //2.得到业务层对象

  IAccountService as = ac.getBean("accountService",IAccountService.class);

  //3.执行方法

  as.deleteAccount(3);

  }

  }

  

  

  

  使用注解对上述部分代码进行改造

  AccountDaoImpl.java

  package cn.cqu.dao.impl;

  import cn.cqu.dao.IAccountDao;

  import cn.cqu.domain.Account;

  import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;

  import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanHandler;

  import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;

  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

  import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

  import java.util.List;

  @Repository("accountDao")

  public class AccountDaoImpl implements IAccountDao {

  @Autowired

  private QueryRunner runner;

  public List findAllAccount() {

  try {

  return runner.query("select * from account",new BeanListHandler(Account.class));

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  public Account findById(Integer accountId) {

  try {

  return runner.query("select * from account where id = ?",new BeanHandler(Account.class),accountId);

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  public void saveAccount(Account account) {

  try {

  runner.update("insert into account(name,money)values(?,?)",account.getName(),account.getMoney());

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  public void updateAccount(Account account) {

  try {

  runner.update("update account set name=?,money=? where id=?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  public void deleteAccount(Integer accountId) {

  try {

  runner.update("delete from account where id=?",accountId);

  } catch (Exception e) {

  throw new RuntimeException(e);

  }

  }

  }

  AccountServiceImpl.java

  package cn.cqu.service.impl;

  import cn.cqu.domain.Account;

  import cn.cqu.service.IAccountService;

  import cn.cqu.dao.IAccountDao;

  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

  import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

  import java.util.List;

  @Service("accountService")

  public class AccountServiceImpl implements IAccountService {

  @Autowired

  private IAccountDao dao;

  public List findAllAccount() {

  return dao.findAllAccount();

  }

  public Account findById(Integer accountId) {

  return dao.findById(accountId);

  }

  public void saveAccount(Account account) {

  dao.saveAccount(account);

  }

  public void updateAccount(Account account) {

  dao.updateAccount(account);

  }

  public void deleteAccount(Integer accountId) {

  dao.deleteAccount(accountId);

  }

  }

  bean.xml

  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

  https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

  https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

  运行结果同上

  3.Spring的新注解

  我们依然离不开 spring 的xml 配置文件,那么能不能不写这个 bean.xml,所有配置都用注解来实现呢?

  我们发现,之所以我们现在离不开 xml 配置文件,是因为:

  

  原因1:

  如果他要也能用注解配置,那么我们就离脱离 xml 文件又进了一步。

  原因2:

  数据源和 QueryRunner的配置也需要靠注解来实现。

  因为QueryRunner是dbutils下的jar包,我们想给它加注解是加不了的

  dataSource也是同样的道理

  1.首先对如下进行注解改造

  

  创建一个专门的类,大致如下

  package cn.cqu.config;

  import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

  /**

  * 此类的类名和它所在包名由自己命名均可

  *

  * 该类是一个配置类,它的作用和bean.xml是一样的

  */

  @Configuration

  @ComponentScan(basePackages = "cn.cqu")

  public class SpringConfiguration {

  }

  (1) @Configuration

  作用:无锡人流手术多少钱 http://www.chnk120.com/

  用于指定当前类是一个 spring 配置类,当创建容器时会从该 类上加载注解。获取容器时需要使用

  AnnotationApplicationContext(有@Configuration注解的类.class)

  属性:

  value:用于指定配置类的字节码

  细节:

  当配置类作为AnnotationConfigApplicationContext对象创建的参数时,该注解可以不写

  (2)@ComponentScan或@ComponentScans

  作用:

  @ComponentScan用于指定一个通过注解指定Spring在创建容器时要扫描的包

  @ComponentScans用于指定多个通过注解指定Spring在创建容器时要扫描的包

  

  属性:

  value或basePackages:用于指定创建容器时要扫描的包

  

  我们使用此注解就等同于在bean.xml中配置了

  

  2.接下来我们对如下进行改造

  

  其实以上配置有两步:

  1.创建QueryRunner对象

  2.存入Sping的IOC容器中

  在该类中添加创建QueryRunner对象的方法,即完成上述的第一步创建QueryRunner对象

  使用下面的Bean完成第二步

  (3)@Bean

  作用:

  用于把当前方法的返回值作为bean对象存入Spring的IOC容器中

  属性:

  name:用于指定bean的id,当不写时是当前方法的名称

  细节:

  当我们使用注解配置方法时,如果方法有参数,spring框架会去容器中查找有没有可用的bean对象,查找的方式和Autowired注解的作用是一样的

  同样我们也可以使用@Scope来指定作用范围

  

  (4)@Import

  作用:

  用于导入其他的配置类

  通过这种方法,可以将配置写在多个类当中,而设置一个主配置类,然后通过注解@Import将其他的配置类导入到主配置类中聚合在一起相当于一个bean.xml

  属性:

  value:用于指定其他配置类的字节码

  当我们使用Import之后,有Import注解的类就是主配置类或父配置类,而导入的都是子配置类

  同时它也支持并列的配置关系,我们只需要在使用AnnotationConfigApplicationContext创建容器时,将多个配置类的字节码都作为它的参数

  

  4.SpringIOC总结

  对Spring依赖总结:

  变化集中转移到配置(配置文件或注解)中

  Spring框架内部依赖于配置

  自定义类依赖于不变(String)

  从而编译时依赖转运行时依赖,降低耦合

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/djw12333/p/11446101.html