- HTTPS – 简介
- HTTPS – SSL工作原理
- HTTPS – SSL 证书
- HTTPS – 怎样获取SSL证书?
- HTTPS – 证书签发申请(CSR)
- HTTPS – 免费SSL证书(letsencrypt)
- HTTPS – SSL证书格式
- HTTPS – 安装SSL证书
- HTTPS – OpenSSL
相关推荐
HTTPS – 免费SSL证书(letsencrypt)
letsencrypt.org 是一个由互联网安全研究小组(ISRG)运作的免费、自动化和开放的证书颁发机构。来自letsencrypt.org的免费DV证书有效期为90天,经设置后可以自动更新、永久有效,可被所有主流浏览器(如Firefox、Chrome和Internet Explorer)识别。
获取letsencrypt证书
我们将以下面环境为例,展示获取证书的步骤
- 系统:centos 7
- 域名:qikegu.com, *.qikegu.com
按以下步骤获取证书
- 安装letsencrypt证书管理Certbot
- 生成证书
1. 安装letsencrypt证书管理工具Certbot
certbot是管理letsencrypt的开源工具:
安装:
# yum install certbot
2. 生成证书
执行命令:
certbot certonly --preferred-challenges dns --manual -d "*.qikegu.com" -d "qikegu.com" --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
注意:这里指定了2个域名:
*.qikegu.com
,qikegu.com
,前者通配域名并不包含后者,不包含后者访问qikegu.com
会产生无效证书错误。
certonly
– 表示安装模式,certbot可以有安装模式和验证模式-d
– 指定域名--manual
手动安装--preferred-challenges dns
使用dns方式证明域名所有权-server
– Let’s Encrypt ACME v2 版本使用的服务器不同于 v1 版本,需要显示指定
过程很简单:
Saving debug log to /var/log/letsencrypt/letsencrypt.log
Plugins selected: Authenticator manual, Installer None
Starting new HTTPS connection (1): acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org
Obtaining a new certificate
Performing the following challenges:
dns-01 challenge for qikegu.com
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTE: The IP of this machine will be publicly logged as having requested this
certificate. If you're running certbot in manual mode on a machine that is not
your server, please ensure you're okay with that.
Are you OK with your IP being logged?
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(Y)es/(N)o: y
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please deploy a DNS TXT record under the name
_acme-challenge.qikegu.com with the following value:
kgiq5A2DST6YdBhf31OKIDq_WbvzoVxx6x-KuFlWFSU
Before continuing, verify the record is deployed.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Press Enter to Continue
Waiting for verification...
Cleaning up challenges
Resetting dropped connection: acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org
IMPORTANT NOTES:
- Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/qikegu.com/fullchain.pem
Your key file has been saved at:
/etc/letsencrypt/live/qikegu.com/privkey.pem
Your cert will expire on 2019-07-09. To obtain a new or tweaked
version of this certificate in the future, simply run certbot
again. To non-interactively renew *all* of your certificates, run
"certbot renew"
- If you like Certbot, please consider supporting our work by:
Donating to ISRG / Let's Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate
Donating to EFF: https://eff.org/donate-le
上面操作中,中间有个步骤要求为你的域名添加txt解析,这个步骤就是证明域名是你的。
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Please deploy a DNS TXT record under the name
_acme-challenge.qikegu.com with the following value:
kgiq5A2DST6YdBhf31OKIDq_WbvzoVxx6x-KuFlWFSU
Before continuing, verify the record is deployed.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Press Enter to Continue
在域名商(阿里云,腾讯云)域名解析里,添加一条txt记录:
然后在命令行中,按回车键继续,验证通过生成证书。
利用 sslforfree.com 获取letsencrypt证书
除了上述方法生成证书,你也可以通过网站sslforfree.com获取letsencrypt证书。
该网站使用域验证加密ACME服务器生成一个免费证书。从sslforfree.com获得免费证书是100%安全的。可以访问该网站按步骤操作,本文不再赘述。