主从配置
主从多用于网站架构，因为主从的同步机制是异步的，数据的同步有一定延迟，也就是说有可能会造成数据的丢失，但是性能比较好，因此网站大多数用的是主从架构的数据库，读写分离必须基于主从架构来搭建
环境准备：都得有mariadb
mysql主从配置
yum配置
[mariadb]
name=MariaDB
baseurl=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.3/centos7-amd64/
gpgkey=http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
主1：192.168.7.56
从1：192.168.7.127
主：
修改配置文件
#vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
重启mysql服务
#systemctl restart mysqld
进入mariadb创建主从连接账号与授权
CREATE USER ‘slave’@’%’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘slave’;
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO ‘slave’@’%’;
flush privileges;
#show master status;
数据库中
#use mysql
select host,user,password from user; 看是否支持远程登录
±----------±-------±------------------------------------------+
| host | user | password |
±----------±-------±------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| ::1 | root | *23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257 |
| % | slave | *51125B3597BEE0FC43E0BCBFEE002EF8641B44CF |
| localhost | zabbix | *DEEF4D7D88CD046ECA02A80393B7780A63E7E789 |
±----------±-------±------------------------------------------+
从1：
修改配置文件
#vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server/cnf
server-id=1
重启服务
#systemctl restart mysqld
进入mariadb
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=‘192.168.7.56’, MASTER_USER=‘slave’, MASTER_PASSWORD=‘slave’, MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000001’, MASTER_LOG_POS=1831;
start slave;
验证
在主创建库与表，之后从从节点查看是否有相应的
show slave status\G;
#如果出现不同步可以执行以下步骤
stop slave
set GLOBAL SQL_SLAVE_SKIP_COUNTER=1;
start slave
或者
stop slave;
mysql> change master to
master_host='192.168.7.56',
master_user='user',
master_password='pwd',
master_port=3306,
master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',
master_log_pos=1831;
start slave
主主配置galera
1、安装软件包
#yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client galera
2、配置文件
#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.3.5/centos74-amd64
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
3、mariadb初始化
systemctl restart mariadb
4.配置galera
vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.153.142,192.168.153.143,192.168.153.144"
wsrep_node_name=node1
wsrep_node_address=192.168.153.142
binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_slave_threads=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size=120M
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
wsrep_causal_reads=ON
将此文件复制到相应主机中，并将主机名与ip改为对应的
5启动集群服务
(第一次启动要用初始化:
mysqld_safe --wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://192.168.254.24,192.168.254.27,192.168.254.36 >/dev/null &)
[root@node1 ~]# /bin/galera_new_cluster
剩余两节点启动方式为：
[root@node1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb
查看集群状态：（集群服务使用了4567和3306端口））
[root@node1 ~]# netstat -tulpn | grep -e 4567 -e 3306
6.验证集群状态：
在node1上执行：
[root@node1 ~]# mysql -uroot -p ##进入数据库
查看是否启用galera插件
连接mariadb,查看是否启用galera插件
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_ready";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| wsrep_ready | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.004 sec)
目前集群机器数
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_cluster_size";
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 |
+--------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.001 sec)
查看集群状态
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep%";
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_apply_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_apply_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_causal_reads | 14 |
| wsrep_cert_deps_distance | 1.200000 |
| wsrep_cert_index_size | 3 |
| wsrep_cert_interval | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_cluster_conf_id | 22 |
| wsrep_cluster_size | 3 | ##集群成员
| wsrep_cluster_state_uuid | b8ecf355-233a-11e8-825e-bb38179b0eb4 | ##UUID 集群唯一标记
| wsrep_cluster_status | Primary | ##主服务器
| wsrep_commit_oooe | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_oool | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_commit_window | 1.000000 |
| wsrep_connected | ON | ##当前是否连接中
| wsrep_desync_count | 0 |
| wsrep_evs_delayed | |
| wsrep_evs_evict_list | |
| wsrep_evs_repl_latency | 0/0/0/0/0 |
| wsrep_evs_state | OPERATIONAL |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused | 0.000000 |
| wsrep_flow_control_paused_ns | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_recv | 0 |
| wsrep_flow_control_sent | 0 |
| wsrep_gcomm_uuid | 0eba3aff-2341-11e8-b45a-f277db2349d5 |
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.153.142:3306,192.168.153.143:3306,192.168.153.144:3306 | ##连接中的数据库
| wsrep_last_committed | 9 | ##sql 提交记录
| wsrep_local_bf_aborts | 0 | ##从执行事务过程被本地中断
| wsrep_local_cached_downto | 5 |
| wsrep_local_cert_failures | 0 | ##本地失败事务
| wsrep_local_commits | 4 | ##本地执行的sql
| wsrep_local_index | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue | 0 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_avg | 0.057143 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_max | 2 |
| wsrep_local_recv_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_replays | 0 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue | 0 | ##本地发出的队列
| wsrep_local_send_queue_avg | 0.000000 | ##队列平均时间间隔
| wsrep_local_send_queue_max | 1 |
| wsrep_local_send_queue_min | 0 |
| wsrep_local_state | 4 |
| wsrep_local_state_comment | Synced |
| wsrep_local_state_uuid | b8ecf355-233a-11e8-825e-bb38179b0eb4 | ##集群ID
| wsrep_protocol_version | 8 |
| wsrep_provider_name | Galera |
| wsrep_provider_vendor | Codership Oy <[email protected]> |
| wsrep_provider_version | 25.3.23(r3789) |
| wsrep_ready | ON | ##插件是否应用中
| wsrep_received | 35 | ##数据复制接收次数
| wsrep_received_bytes | 5050 |
| wsrep_repl_data_bytes | 1022 |
| wsrep_repl_keys | 14 |
| wsrep_repl_keys_bytes | 232 |
| wsrep_repl_other_bytes | 0 |
| wsrep_replicated | 5 | ##随着复制发出的次数
| wsrep_replicated_bytes | 1600 | ##数据复制发出的字节数
| wsrep_thread_count | 2 |
+------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
58 rows in set (0.003 sec)
查看连接的主机
MariaDB [(none)]> show status like "wsrep_incoming_addresses";
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| wsrep_incoming_addresses | 192.168.153.142:3306,192.168.153.143:3306,192.168.153.144:3306 |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)
7.测试集群mariad数据是否同步
MariaDB [(none)]> create database lizk;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.010 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| china |
| hello |
| hi |
| information_schema |
| lizk |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
8 rows in set (0.001 sec)
在其他两个节点上可以查看lizk库已经同步。
注意:
如果galera_new_cluster 报错
vim /var/lib/mysql/grastate.dat
把safe_to_bootstrap更改为1
#GALERA saved state
version: 2.1
uuid: a393feef-f639-11e8-9b89-4e75f9b8fb0f
seqno: -1
safe_to_bootstrap: 1
turcate 不能rollback,
缓存池：设置为内存的80%
wsrep_on=ON
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib64/galera/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address="gcomm://192.168.7.56,192.168.7.127"
wsrep_node_name=node1
wsrep_node_address=192.168.7.127
binlog_format=row
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2
wsrep_slave_threads=1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_buffer_pool_size=120M
wsrep_sst_method=rsync
wsrep_causal_reads=ON