计算机视觉学习1_ch1_基本的图像操作和处理

环境搭建教程：
https://blog.csdn.net/zxm_jimin/article/details/88202653

学习书籍网址：
http://yongyuan.name/pcvwithpython/

第一章_基本的图像操作和处理_实验结果

灰度图：

pil_im = Image.open('../data/empire.jpg')
gray()

调整尺寸及旋转：

拷贝粘贴区域：

pil_im = Image.open('../data/empire.jpg')
box = (100,100,400,400)
region = pil_im.crop(box)
region = region.transpose(Image.ROTATE_180)
pil_im.paste(region,box)
subplot(233)
title(u'拷贝粘贴区域', fontproperties=font)
axis('off')
imshow(pil_im)

缩略图：

pil_im = Image.open('../data/empire.jpg')
size = 128, 128
pil_im.thumbnail(size)
print pil_im.size
subplot(234)

旋转角度：

pil_im = Image.open('../data/empire.jpg')
pil_im = pil_im.rotate(45)
subplot(236)
title(u'旋转45°后的图像', fontproperties=font)
axis('off')
imshow(pil_im)

Matplotlib库
画图、描点和线：

from PIL import Image
from pylab import *

# 添加中文字体支持
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=14)

im = array(Image.open('../data/empire.jpg'))
figure()

# 画有坐标轴的
subplot(121)
imshow(im)
x = [100, 100, 400, 400]
y = [200, 500, 200, 500]
plot(x, y, 'r*')
plot(x[:2], y[:2])
title(u'绘图: "empire.jpg"', fontproperties=font)

# 不显示坐标轴
subplot(122)
imshow(im)
x = [100, 100, 400, 400]
y = [200, 500, 200, 500]
plot(x, y, 'r*')
plot(x[:2], y[:2])
axis('off')  #显示坐标轴
title(u'绘图: "empire.jpg"', fontproperties=font)

show()

图像轮廓和直方图：
from PIL import Image
from pylab import *

添加中文字体支持

from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=14)
im = array(Image.open('../data/empire.jpg').convert('L'))  # 打开图像，并转成灰度图像

figure()
subplot(121)
gray()
contour(im, origin='image')
axis('equal')
axis('off')
title(u'图像轮廓', fontproperties=font)

subplot(122)
hist(im.flatten(), 128)
title(u'图像直方图', fontproperties=font)
plt.xlim([0,260])
plt.ylim([0,11000])

show()

点击得到坐标：

**NumPy库** **图像数组表示：**

from PIL import Image
from pylab import *

im = array(Image.open('../data/empire.jpg'))
print im.shape, im.dtype
im = array(Image.open('../data/empire.jpg').convert('L'),'f')
print im.shape, im.dtype

灰度变换：

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from PIL import Image
from numpy import *
from pylab import *

im = array(Image.open('../data/empire.jpg').convert('L'))
print int(im.min()), int(im.max())

im2 = 255 - im  # invert image
print int(im2.min()), int(im2.max())

im3 = (100.0/255) * im + 100  # clamp to interval 100...200
print int(im3.min()), int(im3.max())

im4 = 255.0 * (im/255.0)**2  # squared
print int(im4.min()), int(im4.max())

figure()
gray()
subplot(1, 3, 1)
imshow(im2)
axis('off')
title(r'$f(x)=255-x$')

subplot(1, 3, 2)
imshow(im3)
axis('off')
title(r'$f(x)=\frac{100}{255}x+100$')

subplot(1, 3, 3)
imshow(im4)
axis('off')
title(r'$f(x)=255(\frac{x}{255})^2$')
show()

直方图均衡化：

from PIL import Image
from pylab import *
from PCV.tools import imtools

# 添加中文字体支持
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=14)

im = array(Image.open('../data/empire.jpg').convert('L'))  # 打开图像，并转成灰度图像
#im = array(Image.open('../data/AquaTermi_lowcontrast.JPG').convert('L'))
im2, cdf = imtools.histeq(im)

figure()
subplot(2, 2, 1)
axis('off')
gray()
title(u'原始图像', fontproperties=font)
imshow(im)

subplot(2, 2, 2)
axis('off')
title(u'直方图均衡化后的图像', fontproperties=font)
imshow(im2)

subplot(2, 2, 3)
axis('off')
title(u'原始直方图', fontproperties=font)
#hist(im.flatten(), 128, cumulative=True, normed=True)
hist(im.flatten(), 128, normed=True)

subplot(2, 2, 4)
axis('off')
title(u'均衡化后的直方图', fontproperties=font)
#hist(im2.flatten(), 128, cumulative=True, normed=True)
hist(im2.flatten(), 128, normed=True)

show() 

图像平均：

from PCV.tools.imtools import get_imlist
from PIL import Image
from pylab import *
from PCV.tools import imtools

# 添加中文字体支持
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=14)

filelist = get_imlist('../data/avg/') #获取convert_images_format_test文件夹下的图片文件名(包括后缀名)
avg = imtools.compute_average(filelist)

for impath in filelist:
        im1 = array(Image.open(impath))
        subplot(2, 2, filelist.index(impath)+1)
        imshow(im1)
        imNum=str(filelist.index(impath)+1)
        title(u'待平均图像'+imNum, fontproperties=font)
        axis('off')
subplot(2, 2, 4)
imshow(avg)
title(u'平均后的图像', fontproperties=font)
axis('off')

show()

对图像进行主成分分析：

import pickle
from PIL import Image
from numpy import *
from pylab import *
from PCV.tools import imtools, pca

# Uses sparse pca codepath.
#imlist = imtools.get_imlist('../data/selectedfontimages/a_selected_thumbs')

# 获取图像列表和他们的尺寸
imlist = imtools.get_imlist('../data/fontimages/a_thumbs')  # fontimages.zip is part of the book data set
im = array(Image.open(imlist[0]))  # open one image to get the size
m, n = im.shape[:2]  # get the size of the images
imnbr = len(imlist)  # get the number of images
print "The number of images is %d" % imnbr

# Create matrix to store all flattened images
immatrix = array([array(Image.open(imname)).flatten() for imname in imlist], 'f')

# PCA降维
V, S, immean = pca.pca(immatrix)

# 保存均值和主成分
#f = open('../ch01/font_pca_modes.pkl', 'wb')
#pickle.dump(immean,f)
#pickle.dump(V,f)
#f.close()

# Show the images (mean and 7 first modes)
# This gives figure 1-8 (p15) in the book.
figure()
gray()
subplot(2, 4, 1)
axis('off')
imshow(immean.reshape(m, n))
for i in range(7):
    subplot(2, 4, i+2)
    imshow(V[i].reshape(m, n))
    axis('off')
show()

有问题

SciPy模块

图像模糊：

from PIL import Image
from pylab import *
from scipy.ndimage import filters

# 添加中文字体支持
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=14)

#im = array(Image.open('board.jpeg'))
im = array(Image.open('../data/empire.jpg').convert('L'))

figure()
gray()
axis('off')
subplot(1, 4, 1)
axis('off')
title(u'原图', fontproperties=font)
imshow(im)

for bi, blur in enumerate([2, 5, 10]):
  im2 = zeros(im.shape)
  im2 = filters.gaussian_filter(im, blur)
  im2 = np.uint8(im2)
  imNum=str(blur)
  subplot(1, 4, 2 + bi)
  axis('off')
  title(u'标准差为'+imNum, fontproperties=font)
  imshow(im2)

#如果是彩色图像，则分别对三个通道进行模糊
#for bi, blur in enumerate([2, 5, 10]):
#  im2 = zeros(im.shape)
#  for i in range(3):
#    im2[:, :, i] = filters.gaussian_filter(im[:, :, i], blur)
#  im2 = np.uint8(im2)
#  subplot(1, 4,  2 + bi)
#  axis('off')
#  imshow(im2)

show()

图像差分：

from PIL import Image
from pylab import *
from scipy.ndimage import filters
import numpy

# 添加中文字体支持
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=14)

im = array(Image.open('../data/empire.jpg').convert('L'))
gray()

subplot(1, 4, 1)
axis('off')
title(u'(a)原图', fontproperties=font)
imshow(im)

# Sobel derivative filters
imx = zeros(im.shape)
filters.sobel(im, 1, imx)
subplot(1, 4, 2)
axis('off')
title(u'(b)x方向差分', fontproperties=font)
imshow(imx)

imy = zeros(im.shape)
filters.sobel(im, 0, imy)
subplot(1, 4, 3)
axis('off')
title(u'(c)y方向差分', fontproperties=font)
imshow(imy)

#mag = numpy.sqrt(imx**2 + imy**2)
mag = 255-numpy.sqrt(imx**2 + imy**2)
subplot(1, 4, 4)
title(u'(d)梯度幅度', fontproperties=font)
axis('off')
imshow(mag)

show()

高斯差分：

from PIL import Image
from pylab import *
from scipy.ndimage import filters
import numpy

# 添加中文字体支持
#from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
#font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=14)

def imx(im, sigma):
    imgx = zeros(im.shape)
    filters.gaussian_filter(im, sigma, (0, 1), imgx)
    return imgx


def imy(im, sigma):
    imgy = zeros(im.shape)
    filters.gaussian_filter(im, sigma, (1, 0), imgy)
    return imgy


def mag(im, sigma):
    # there's also gaussian_gradient_magnitude()
    #mag = numpy.sqrt(imgx**2 + imgy**2)
    imgmag = 255 - numpy.sqrt(imgx ** 2 + imgy ** 2)
    return imgmag


im = array(Image.open('../data/empire.jpg').convert('L'))
figure()
gray()

sigma = [2, 5, 10]

for i in  sigma:
    subplot(3, 4, 4*(sigma.index(i))+1)
    axis('off')
    imshow(im)
    imgx=imx(im, i)
    subplot(3, 4, 4*(sigma.index(i))+2)
    axis('off')
    imshow(imgx)
    imgy=imy(im, i)
    subplot(3, 4, 4*(sigma.index(i))+3)
    axis('off')
    imshow(imgy)
    imgmag=mag(im, i)
    subplot(3, 4, 4*(sigma.index(i))+4)
    axis('off')
    imshow(imgmag)

show()

形态学-物体计数：
形态学常用于二值图像，不过它也可以用于灰度图像。二值图像像素只有两种取值，通常是0和1。二值图像通常是由一幅图像进行二值化处理后的产生的，它可以用于用于对物体进行计数，或计算它们的大小。

 from PIL import Image
from numpy import *
from scipy.ndimage import measurements, morphology
from pylab import *

"""   This is the morphology counting objects example in Section 1.4.  """

# 添加中文字体支持
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=14)

# load image and threshold to make sure it is binary
figure()
gray()
im = array(Image.open('../data/houses.png').convert('L'))
subplot(221)
imshow(im)
axis('off')
title(u'原图', fontproperties=font)
im = (im < 128)

labels, nbr_objects = measurements.label(im)
print "Number of objects:", nbr_objects
subplot(222)
imshow(labels)
axis('off')
title(u'标记后的图', fontproperties=font)

# morphology - opening to separate objects better
im_open = morphology.binary_opening(im, ones((9, 5)), iterations=2)
subplot(223)
imshow(im_open)
axis('off')
title(u'开运算后的图像', fontproperties=font)

labels_open, nbr_objects_open = measurements.label(im_open)
print "Number of objects:", nbr_objects_open
subplot(224)
imshow(labels_open)
axis('off')
title(u'开运算后进行标记后的图像', fontproperties=font)

show()

图像降噪：

from pylab import *
from numpy import *
from numpy import random
from scipy.ndimage import filters
from scipy.misc import imsave
from PCV.tools import rof

""" This is the de-noising example using ROF in Section 1.5. """

# 添加中文字体支持
from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties
font = FontProperties(fname=r"c:\windows\fonts\SimSun.ttc", size=14)

# create synthetic image with noise
im = zeros((500,500))
im[100:400,100:400] = 128
im[200:300,200:300] = 255
im = im + 30*random.standard_normal((500,500))

U,T = rof.denoise(im,im)
G = filters.gaussian_filter(im,10)


# save the result
#imsave('synth_original.pdf',im)
#imsave('synth_rof.pdf',U)
#imsave('synth_gaussian.pdf',G)


# plot
figure()
gray()

subplot(1,3,1)
imshow(im)
#axis('equal')
axis('off')
title(u'原噪声图像', fontproperties=font)

subplot(1,3,2)
imshow(G)
#axis('equal')
axis('off')
title(u'高斯模糊后的图像', fontproperties=font)

subplot(1,3,3)
imshow(U)
#axis('equal')
axis('off')
title(u'ROF降噪后的图像', fontproperties=font)

show()

PS csdn
调整图片大小：
https://blog.csdn.net/feynman233/article/details/77541974