关于比特币
为什么要探讨比特币？
每当有人问我最近在研究什么的时候，我就很头大，因为要想给一个对区块链完全不了解的人讲清楚它是什么其实还蛮不容易的，但是这个时候只要提到比特币，大家也就能对你是在干什么有个大概的认识。所以作为区块链技术的第一个成功应用，要探讨区块链技术大概是绕不开它的。这篇文章只是给大家一个初步的概念，相关内容我会在后面会详细点和大家讲。
Why should we discuss Bitcoin?
Every time when people ask me that "what are you doing these days?" That question make me scratch my head, because it's really pretty tricky to explain what Blockchain is to someone who have completely no idea about it.But when I mention Bitcoin at that time , they usually could start to get understand what I'm working on. So as the first succeeded application of Blockchain ,it is unlikely to discuss Blockchain without it.This article is just try to give you a brief concept about bitcoin, and I will explain more about everything related to it later.
比特币的原理
什么是比特币？
what's Bitcoin ?
就像我之前提到的，因为去年这些加密货币引发了广泛的关注、投资、和热潮，许多人听说过比特币, 知道它是一种完全电子化的，不由政府发行, 账号和交易也不受中央银行监管的货币，但同时我们又对其知之甚少，甚至没有人知道它的发明人Satoshi Nakamoto到底是谁，而“比特币”这个名字本身具有很大的误导性，让人难以理解到其本质是可以用来代替货币的“帐本”而不是“币”本身。其实比特币只不过是第一个实现出来的加密货币,现如今，已经有上千种加密货币可以兑换成传统货币。而背后所支撑它们的技术，就是区块链。
As I mention before ,because in the last year, there's been a huge amount of attention and investment and, well,honestly hype directed at there currencies. many people have heard of Bitcoin that it's a fully digital currency with no government to issue it ; and that no banks need to manage accounts and verify transaction.But at the same time,we know little about it and even that no one really knows who is Satoshi Nakamoto , the inventor of Bitcoin . And it's name is actually quite misleading ,the name of "Bitcoin" make it difficult to realized that it actually a kind of ledger instead of currency itself.you see, bitcoin is just the first implement example of a cryptocurrency,and now, there are thousands more on exchanges with traditional currencies.and the tech that support those cryptocurrency is Blockchain.
“持有”比特币是什么意思？
what does it mean to "have" a Bitcoin?
大家可能觉得自己了解比特币是什么，但对这问题依然是一头雾水或只是一知半解。为了回答这个问题，也为了让大家有动力了解底层的技术细节，我们会一步一步地说明你可以如何写出自己的虚拟货币。走一遍比特币的发明之路，可以帮助我们奠定知识基础。方便理解市面上的一些新面孔并认识加密货币设计更新发展的时机与理由。
随便提一下,这个问题的一个简单答案是，在公认的电子帐本（公链）上记下一笔你有多少比特币。
Many of us may think they already know what's bitcoin ,And yet, many people don't know the answer to the question ,at least not in full.To get there, and to make sure that the technical details underlying the answer actually feel motivated, what we're going to do is walk through step by step how you might invented your own version of Bitcoin.walking the path of inventing your own can help to set the foundations for understanding some of the more recent player in the game and recognizing when and why there's room for different design choices.
By the way, a brief answer to the question should be ,written something on the parent blockchain that prove you that how many bitcoin you own.
首先，假设你生活在一个小圈子里，为了避免麻烦，用一本公共帐本来记帐，但这只能存在在你的朋友圈里，没有人会信任陌生人到公用一个帐本的程度,并且在传统意义上，也没有办法实现可供所有人一起使用的帐本。要是此时你能聪明地应用上几个密码学的概念，来绕开对信任的依赖，你就发明了所谓的“加密货币”。这里再次强调，虽然我们管它叫数字货币或加密货币，它是通过帐本来实现的，之所以这么叫，是因为传统帐本记录需要以法币作支撑，也就是说，你在帐本上记录的是支付多少的黄金，美元，或人民币，而数字货币虽然是以数字帐本来实现的，但不需要以法币作支撑，也就是说，数字货币在某种程度上讲可以代替传统货币。
we'll start with you keeping track of payment with your friends using a communal ledger，but obviously that only going to work when it's a small circle as you could never trust a stranger as your trust friends.and you can't write everyone's payment on the traditional account book at the first place if you're clever enough to bring in a few ideas from cryptography to help circumvent the need for trust，what you end up with is what's called a "cryptocurrency".I'm going to emphasize again that even so we call it currency ,it realized by ledger, we do this because traditional account book is rely on legal tender while cryptocurrency don't ,in another words,cryptocurrency have chance to take place of traditionallegal tender .