基础环境
华为云服务器CentOS8.0、MySql5.7.40
操作步骤
1. 要确定你的机器上面已经安装MySQL，我的MySQL在/usr/loacl/ 下面：
[root@hecs-141427 ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@hecs-141427 local]# ls
bin etc games hostguard include jdk lib lib64 libexec maven mysql nacos redis redis-6.0.8 redis-6.0.8.tar.gz sbin share src uniagent
[root@hecs-141427 local]# cd mysql
[root@hecs-141427 mysql]# ls
bin data docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
[root@hecs-141427 mysql]# cd data
[root@hecs-141427 data]# ls
auto.cnf ca.pem client-key.pem ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.index private_key.pem server-cert.pem sys
ca-key.pem client-cert.pem ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000003 performance_schema public_key.pem server-key.pem
[root@hecs-141427 data]#
2.进入/usr/loacl/mysql文件夹，在data下分别创建文件夹，如 ： 3307data 3308data ：
[root@hecs-141427 mysql]# ls
bin data docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
[root@hecs-141427 mysql]# mkdir -p 3307data
[root@hecs-141427 mysql]# mkdir -p 3308data
[root@hecs-141427 mysql]# ls
3307data 3308data bin data docs include lib LICENSE man README share support-files
[root@hecs-141427 mysql]# 3.在/usr/loacl/mysql/bin/下初始化数据库，指定到新建文件夹：
[root@hecs-141427 mysql]# cd bin
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# ls
innochecksum myisampack mysqlcheck mysqld-debug mysql_embedded mysql_secure_installation mysql_tzinfo_to_sql resolveip
lz4_decompress my_print_defaults mysql_client_test_embedded mysqld_multi mysqlimport mysqlshow mysql_upgrade resolve_stack_dump
myisamchk mysql mysql_config mysqld_safe mysql_install_db mysqlslap mysqlxtest zlib_decompress
myisam_ftdump mysqladmin mysql_config_editor mysqldump mysql_plugin mysql_ssl_rsa_setup perror
myisamlog mysqlbinlog mysqld mysqldumpslow mysqlpump mysqltest_embedded replace
[root@hecs-141427 bin]#
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/3307data --user=mysql
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# ./mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/3308data --user=mysql
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# 其中initialize-insecure表示不生成mysql数据库root用户随机密码，即root密码为空。
4.在/etc下分别创建名为my3307.cnf和my3308.cnf的文件,并插入配置内容：
[root@hecs-141427 etc]# vim my3307.cnf
[root@hecs-141427 etc]# cat my3307.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/3307data
port = 3307
socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld3307.log
pid-file=/tmp/mysqld/mysqld3307.pid
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-format=ROW
server_id=2
max_connections=1000
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
[root@hecs-141427 etc]# [root@hecs-141427 etc]# vim my3308.cnf
[root@hecs-141427 etc]# cat my3308.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/3308data
port = 3308
socket=/tmp/mysql3308.sock
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld3308.log
pid-file=/tmp/mysqld/mysqld3308.pid
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-format=ROW
server_id=3
max_connections=1000
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake
[root@hecs-141427 etc]# 5.启动测试：
[root@hecs-141427 bin]#
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# ./mysql_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf &
[1] 293049
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# -bash: ./mysql_safe: No such file or directory
--user=mysql^C
[1]+ Exit 127 ./mysql_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# ./mysql_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 293126
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# -bash: ./mysql_safe: No such file or directory
^C
[1]+ Exit 127 ./mysql_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf --user=mysql
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 293193
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# 2022-10-22T16:04:45.325460Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld3307.log'.
2022-10-22T16:04:45.350539Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/3307data
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3308.cnf --user=mysql &
[2] 293619
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# 2022-10-22T16:06:22.724304Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld3308.log'.
2022-10-22T16:06:22.749201Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/3308data
其中 --defaults-file是指定配置文件，&表示后台启动。
是否启动成功，可以通过查看mysql进程 ：
[root@hecs-141427 etc]# ps -ef | grep mysql
root 277439 1 0 Oct22 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid
mysql 277806 277439 0 Oct22 ? 00:00:17 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/tmp/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 293193 292541 0 00:04 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf --user=mysql
mysql 293545 293193 0 00:04 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my3307.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/3307data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld3307.log --pid-file=/tmp/mysqld/mysqld3307.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock --port=3307
root 293619 292541 0 00:06 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh ./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my3308.cnf --user=mysql
mysql 293971 293619 0 00:06 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my3308.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/3308data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/log/mysqld3308.log --pid-file=/tmp/mysqld/mysqld3308.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql3308.sock --port=3308
root 294018 292891 0 00:07 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@hecs-141427 etc]# 6.登陆：
注意在/usr/loacl/mysql-5.7.18/bin下执行：
[root@hecs-141427 bin]# ./mysql -uroot -p -P3307
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 741
Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 注意：因为未设置密码，此时密码随机。
7.修改密码：
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 用户界面远程登陆需要配置：
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> *.* ： 其中第一个*表示所有数据库名，第二个*表示所有的数据库表
root@'%'：root表示用户名，%表示ip地址，可以具体到某个ip 如：[email protected]
然后执行权限刷新：
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 3308端口同样按照6~8步骤进行设置即可。
因为做了软链接，可以如下登录：
[root@hecs-141427 ~]# mysql -uroot -P3307 -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> 8. 开放3307和3308端口
[root@hecs-141427 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-ports
3306/tcp 6379/tcp 6380/tcp 6381/tcp 8848/tcp 26379/tcp 26380/tcp 26381/tcp
[root@hecs-141427 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2022-10-20 14:12:54 CST; 2 days ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 211296 (firewalld)
Tasks: 2 (limit: 23712)
Memory: 26.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─211296 /usr/libexec/platform-python -s /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
Oct 20 14:12:53 hecs-141427 systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Oct 20 14:12:54 hecs-141427 systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Oct 20 14:12:54 hecs-141427 firewalld[211296]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure configuration option. It will be removed in a future release. Please c>
[root@hecs-141427 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3307/tcp --permanent
success
[root@hecs-141427 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3308/tcp --permanent
success
[root@hecs-141427 ~]# systemctl restart firewalld.service
[root@hecs-141427 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-ports
3306/tcp 3307/tcp 3308/tcp 6379/tcp 6380/tcp 6381/tcp 8848/tcp 26379/tcp 26380/tcp 26381/tcp
[root@hecs-141427 ~]#