C++-QT聊天工具-界面切换

其他 2021-12-12 23:06:25 阅读次数: 0

本文实现QT聊天工具的界面，一个类实现一个界面，通过信号和槽槽机制切换界面，主界面通过按钮切换置子界面，子界面通过关闭事件和按钮返回主界面。

效果图

整个工程文件免费下载：https://download.csdn.net/download/qq_40788199/12045186

主界面

设置界面

注册界面

聊天界面

信号（signals）
信号是定义在类里面的一个函数，必须在函数前加入关键字signals,其实也可以理解为宏，这个signals涉及到qt的另一个核心机制（模板元编程），想必度过effective C++的同学对该技术并不陌生，扯远了，继续说信号，当拥有信号的类声明了一个对象时，该对象便有了发送该信号的能力，当然，该类的派生类也具有该能力。定义信号函数时，返回值必须是void，可以有形参，但是没有成员限定访问符的限定，我认为它是public，但是好像是真没有，定义一个signals给大家看一下：

signals:
槽（slots）
槽函数就有意思了，它是信号的响应函数，与信号函数不同，它有成员限定访问符，可以是public ,protectde和private，我最近阅读的文档来看，大部分都只采用public和private，当用public限定槽函数，其它类的信号可以connect它，自己就更不用说啦，但是private的时候，就只能自己类的对象来关联了，但是protected就有点，嗯，怎么说，继承和派生时候贡献挺大的，但是在这不受待见，可能是我理解还不够，好了写个简单的槽来看一下

public slots:
连接（connect）
连接有多重写法，主要体现在信号函数和槽函数加入的方式，

QObject::connect(&m_signal,SIGNAL(signals()),&m_slot,SLOT(slot()));
 

由于每个界面都很简单很类似，就懒得都去注释了，第一个界面注释了一些关键部分

主界面头文件

#ifndef LOGINUI_H
#define LOGINUI_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QTextEdit>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QDesktopWidget>
#include <QCloseEvent>
#include <pthread.h>
#include "cclientui.h"
#include "cclientnet.h"
#include "registerui.h"
#include "settingui.h"
using namespace std;

class RegisterUI;
class SettingUI;
class CClientUI;

class LoginUI : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

    QPushButton *RegisterButton;
    QPushButton *LoginButton;
    QPushButton *SettingskButton;

    QLabel *UserLabel;
    QLabel *PasswdLabel;

    QLineEdit *UserLineEdit;
    QLineEdit *PasswdLineEdit;

    QString IP;
    QString Port;

    //其他界面，子类
    RegisterUI *Register;
    SettingUI *Setting;
    CClientUI *client;

public:
    LoginUI();
    ~LoginUI();
    //二次构造函数
    bool LoginConstruct();
    static LoginUI *LoginNewInstance();
    //界面显示函数
    void LoginShow();

private slots:
    //登陆按钮槽函数,登陆成功切换置聊天界面
    void on_LoginButton_clicket();
    //注册按钮槽函数，切换置注册界面
    void on_RegisterButton_clicket();
    //设置按钮槽函数，切换置设置界面
    void on_SettingskButton_clicket();
    //从注册界面切换登陆界面
    void RegisterSlotShow();
    //从设置界面切换设置界面
    void SettingSlotShow();
};

#endif // LOGINUI_H

主页面源文件

#include "loginui.h"

LoginUI::LoginUI() :
    QWidget(NULL,Qt::WindowMinimizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint)
{

}

LoginUI::~LoginUI()
{

}

LoginUI *LoginUI::LoginNewInstance()
{
    LoginUI *ret = new LoginUI;

    if(!(ret && ret->LoginConstruct()))
    {
        delete ret;
        ret = NULL;
    }

    return ret;
}

bool LoginUI::LoginConstruct()
{
    //界面标题
    this->setWindowTitle("用户登录");
    //实例化注册界面
    Register = RegisterUI::RegisterNewInstance();
    if(Register == NULL)
        return false;
    //实例化设置界面
    Setting = SettingUI::SettingNewInstance();
    if(Setting == NULL)
        return false;
    //实例化聊天界面
    client = CClientUI::NewInstance();
    if(client == NULL)
        return false;

    UserLabel = new QLabel(this);
    if(UserLabel == NULL)
        return false;
    UserLabel->resize(100,30);//设置大小
    UserLabel->move(80,80);//布置位置
    UserLabel->setText("用户名： ");//设置文字
    UserLabel->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));//设置字体及大小

    UserLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
    if(UserLineEdit == NULL)
        return false;
    UserLineEdit->resize(180,35);
    UserLineEdit->move(190,80);
    UserLineEdit->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    PasswdLabel = new QLabel(this);
    if(PasswdLabel == NULL)
        return false;
    PasswdLabel->resize(100,30);
    PasswdLabel->move(80,150);
    PasswdLabel->setText(" 密码  ：");
    PasswdLabel->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    PasswdLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
    if(PasswdLineEdit == NULL)
        return false;
    PasswdLineEdit->resize(180,35);
    PasswdLineEdit->move(190,150);
    PasswdLineEdit->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    LoginButton = new QPushButton(this);
    if(LoginButton == NULL)
        return 0;
    LoginButton->resize(80,50);
    LoginButton->move(100,250);
    LoginButton->setText("登录");
    LoginButton->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    RegisterButton = new QPushButton(this);
    if(RegisterButton == NULL)
        return false;
    RegisterButton->resize(80,50);
    RegisterButton->move(260,250);
    RegisterButton->setText("注册");
    RegisterButton->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    SettingskButton  = new QPushButton(this);
    if(SettingskButton == NULL)
        return false;
    SettingskButton->resize(80,50);
    SettingskButton->move(180,350);
    SettingskButton->setText("设置");
    SettingskButton->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    //信号槽机制
    connect(LoginButton,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_LoginButton_clicket()));
    connect(RegisterButton,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_RegisterButton_clicket()));
    connect(SettingskButton,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_SettingskButton_clicket()));
    //信号是其他类的
    connect(Register,SIGNAL(RegisterSignal()),this,SLOT(RegisterSlotShow()));
    connect(Setting,SIGNAL(SettingSignal()),this,SLOT(SettingSlotShow()));

    return true;
}

void LoginUI::on_LoginButton_clicket()
{
    this->hide();//隐藏本界面
    client->move(this->frameGeometry().x(),this->frameGeometry().y());//用之前界面的位置
    client->CClientShow();//显示子界面
}
void LoginUI::on_RegisterButton_clicket()
{
    this->hide();
    Register->move(this->frameGeometry().x(),this->frameGeometry().y());
    Register->RegisterShow();
}

void LoginUI::on_SettingskButton_clicket()
{
    this->hide();
    Setting->move(this->frameGeometry().x(),this->frameGeometry().y());
    Setting->SettingShow();
}


void LoginUI::LoginShow()
{
    QWidget::show();
    setFixedSize(width(),height());//设置界面大小
}

void LoginUI::RegisterSlotShow()
{
    this->show();
    setFixedSize(width(),height());
}

void LoginUI::SettingSlotShow()
{
    this->show();
    setFixedSize(width(),height());
}

设置界面头文件，这里需要注意的时关闭事件，closeEvent(QCloseEvent *enent)，函数必须一模一样，具体原因问度娘

#ifndef SETTINGUI_H
#define SETTINGUI_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QTextEdit>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QCloseEvent>
#include <QString>
#include <QDebug>
#include "loginui.h"
#include "registerui.h"

class SettingUI : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

    QLabel *IPLabel;
    QLabel *PortLabel;

    QLineEdit *IPLineEdit;
    QLineEdit *PortLineEdit;

    QPushButton *ReturnButton;

public:
    SettingUI();
    ~SettingUI();

    bool SettingConstruct();

    static SettingUI *SettingNewInstance();

    void SettingShow();
    //关闭事件
    void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *enent);

private slots:
    void on_ReturnButton_clicket();

signals:
    void SettingSignal();

};

#endif // SETTINGUI_H

设置界面源文件
#include "settingui.h"

SettingUI::SettingUI() :
    QWidget(NULL,Qt::WindowMinimizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint)
{

}

SettingUI::~SettingUI()
{

}

bool SettingUI::SettingConstruct()
{
    this->setWindowTitle("设置窗口");

    IPLabel = new QLabel(this);
    if(IPLabel == NULL)
        return false;
    IPLabel->resize(180,30);
    IPLabel->move(50,50);
    IPLabel->setText("服务器IP地址： ");
    IPLabel->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    IPLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
    if(IPLineEdit == NULL)
        return false;
    IPLineEdit->resize(200,30);
    IPLineEdit->move(230,50);
    IPLineEdit->setText("192.168.3.11");
    IPLineEdit->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    PortLabel = new QLabel(this);
    if(PortLabel == NULL)
        return false;
    PortLabel->resize(180,30);
    PortLabel->move(50,100);
    PortLabel->setText("服务器端口号： ");
    PortLabel->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    PortLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
    if(PortLineEdit == NULL)
        return false;
    PortLineEdit->resize(200,30);
    PortLineEdit->move(230,100);
    PortLineEdit->setText("8888");
    PortLineEdit->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    ReturnButton = new QPushButton(this);
    if(ReturnButton == NULL)
        return false;
    ReturnButton->resize(100,50);
    ReturnButton->move(200,200);
    ReturnButton->setText("返回");
    ReturnButton->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    connect(ReturnButton,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_ReturnButton_clicket()));

    return true;
}

void SettingUI::on_ReturnButton_clicket()
{
    this->hide();
    emit SettingSignal();
}

SettingUI *SettingUI::SettingNewInstance()
{
    SettingUI *ret = new SettingUI;

    if(!(ret && ret->SettingConstruct()))
    {
        delete ret;
        ret = NULL;
    }

   return ret;
}

void SettingUI::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *enent)
{
    emit SettingSignal();
    enent->accept();
}

void SettingUI::SettingShow()
{
    QWidget::show();
    setFixedSize(width(),height());
}

注册界面头文件

#ifndef REGISTERUI_H
#define REGISTERUI_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QTextEdit>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QCloseEvent>
#include "cclientnet.h"
#include "loginui.h"
#include "settingui.h"


class RegisterUI : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

    QPushButton *ConfirmButton;
    QPushButton *ReturnButton;

    QLabel *UserLabel;
    QLabel *PasswdLabel;
    QLabel *CheckPasswdLabel;

    QLineEdit *UserLineEdit;
    QLineEdit *PasswdLineEdit;
    QLineEdit *CheckPasswdLineEdit;

    QMessageBox *RegisterMsgBox;

public:
    RegisterUI();
    ~RegisterUI();

    bool RegisterConstruct();

    static RegisterUI *RegisterNewInstance();

    void RegisterShow();

    int ValidatePass();

    int GetUser(QLineEdit *Edit);

    int GetIPPotr(QString IP,QString Port);

    void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event);

private slots:
    int on_ConfirmButton_clicket();
    void on_ReturnButton_clicket();

signals:
    void RegisterSignal();

};

#endif // REGISTERUI_H

注册界面源文件

#include "registerui.h"

RegisterUI::RegisterUI() :
    QWidget(NULL,Qt::WindowMinimizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint)
{

}

RegisterUI::~RegisterUI()
{

}

bool RegisterUI::RegisterConstruct()
{

    this->setWindowTitle("注册界面");

    UserLabel = new QLabel(this);
    if(UserLabel == NULL)
        return false;
    UserLabel->resize(100,30);
    UserLabel->move(80,80);
    UserLabel->setText("用户名： ");
    UserLabel->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    UserLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
    if(UserLineEdit == NULL)
        return false;
    UserLineEdit->resize(180,35);
    UserLineEdit->move(190,80);
    UserLineEdit->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    PasswdLabel = new QLabel(this);
    if(PasswdLabel == NULL)
        return false;
    PasswdLabel->resize(100,30);
    PasswdLabel->move(80,150);
    PasswdLabel->setText(" 密码  ：");
    PasswdLabel->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    PasswdLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
    if(PasswdLineEdit == NULL)
        return false;
    PasswdLineEdit->resize(180,35);
    PasswdLineEdit->move(190,150);
    PasswdLineEdit->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    CheckPasswdLabel = new QLabel(this);
    if(CheckPasswdLabel == NULL)
        return false;
    CheckPasswdLabel->resize(100,30);
    CheckPasswdLabel->move(80,220);
    CheckPasswdLabel->setText(" 确认  ：");
    CheckPasswdLabel->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    CheckPasswdLineEdit = new QLineEdit(this);
    if(CheckPasswdLineEdit == NULL)
        return false;
    CheckPasswdLineEdit->resize(180,35);
    CheckPasswdLineEdit->move(190,220);
    CheckPasswdLineEdit->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    ConfirmButton = new QPushButton(this);
    if(ConfirmButton == NULL)
        return false;
    ConfirmButton->resize(80,50);
    ConfirmButton->move(80,320);
    ConfirmButton->setText("确定");
    ConfirmButton->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",15));

    ReturnButton = new QPushButton(this);
    if(ReturnButton == NULL)
        return false;
    ReturnButton->resize(80,50);
    ReturnButton->move(250,320);
    ReturnButton->setText("返回");
    ReturnButton->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",15));


    connect(ConfirmButton,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_ConfirmButton_clicket()));
    connect(ReturnButton,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_ReturnButton_clicket()));

    return true;
}

void RegisterUI::on_ReturnButton_clicket()
{
    this->hide();
    emit RegisterSignal();
}

RegisterUI *RegisterUI::RegisterNewInstance()
{
    RegisterUI *ret = new RegisterUI();

    if(!(ret && ret->RegisterConstruct()))
    {
        delete ret;
        ret = NULL;
    }

   return ret;
}

int RegisterUI::on_ConfirmButton_clicket()
{

    return 0;
}

void RegisterUI::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event)
{
    emit RegisterSignal();
    event->accept();
}

void RegisterUI::RegisterShow()
{
    QWidget::show();
    setFixedSize(width(),height());
}

聊天界面头文件

#ifndef LoginUI_H
#define LoginUI_H

#include <QWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QTextEdit>
#include <QApplication>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QToolBox>
#include <QToolButton>
#include <QListView>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include <QGroupBox>
#include <QVector>
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QCloseEvent>
#include "loginui.h"
#include "registerui.h"
#include "settingui.h"

const int UibufSZ = 1024;

class CClientUI: public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

    QPushButton *SendButton;

    QTextEdit *MsgTextEdit;
    QTextEdit *SendTextEdit;

    QToolBox *FriendToolBox;
    QGroupBox *box;
    QVBoxLayout *layout;

    QVector<QPushButton*> Button;

    QString IP;
    QString Port;

    int ID = 0;
    QString User;
    QString Passwd;
    QString Receiver;
    QString MsgBuf;

    char friendBuf[UibufSZ];
    char Sender[32];
    char msgBuf[UibufSZ];

public:
    CClientUI();
    ~CClientUI();

    bool Construct();

    static CClientUI * NewInstance();

    int FriendsList();

    void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *enent);

    void CClientShow();

    void RemoveAllButtons();

private slots:
    void on_FriendButton_clicket();

    int on_SendButton_clicket();
};

#endif // LoginUI_H

聊天界面源文件

#include "cclientui.h"

CClientUI::CClientUI():
       QWidget(NULL,Qt::WindowMinimizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowMaximizeButtonHint | Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint)
{

}

CClientUI::~CClientUI()
{
}

bool CClientUI::Construct()
{
    this->setWindowTitle("消息窗口");

    MsgTextEdit = new QTextEdit(this);
    if(MsgTextEdit == NULL)
        return false;
    MsgTextEdit->resize(500,300);
    MsgTextEdit->move(20,20);
    MsgTextEdit->setReadOnly(true);
    MsgTextEdit->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    SendTextEdit = new QTextEdit(this);
    if(SendTextEdit == NULL)
        return false;
    SendTextEdit->resize(500,150);
    SendTextEdit->move(20,340);
    SendTextEdit->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));

    FriendToolBox = new QToolBox(this);
    if(FriendToolBox == NULL)
        return false;
    FriendToolBox->resize(150,300);
    FriendToolBox->move(540,20);
    FriendToolBox->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));
    FriendToolBox->setStyleSheet("background:white");

    box = new QGroupBox(FriendToolBox);
    layout = new QVBoxLayout(box);
    FriendToolBox->addItem(box,"Friends list");

    SendButton = new QPushButton(this);
    if(SendButton == NULL)
        return false;
    SendButton->resize(150,150);
    SendButton->move(540,340);
    SendButton->setFont(QFont("Microsoft YaHei",18));
    SendButton->setText("发送");

    connect(SendButton,SIGNAL(clicked(bool)),this,SLOT(on_SendButton_clicket()));

    return true;
}

CClientUI *CClientUI::NewInstance()
{
    CClientUI *ret = new CClientUI;

    if(!(ret && ret->Construct()))
    {
        delete ret;
        ret = NULL;
    }

    return ret;

}

void CClientUI::on_FriendButton_clicket()
{
    QPushButton *clickedButton = qobject_cast<QPushButton *>(sender());
    Receiver = clickedButton->text();
    this->setWindowTitle(clickedButton->text());
    this->CClientShow();
}

int CClientUI::on_SendButton_clicket()
{

    return 0;
}

void CClientUI::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *enent)
{
    enent->accept();
}

void CClientUI::RemoveAllButtons()
{
    for(int i = 0; i < layout->count(); i++)
    {
         layout->itemAt(i)->widget()->deleteLater();
    }
}

void CClientUI::CClientShow()
{
    if(Sender != "")
    {
        QString str(msgBuf);
        MsgTextEdit->setText(str);
    }
//    cout << "show sender " << &Sender << Sender << endl;;
    RemoveAllButtons();
    QWidget::show();
    setFixedSize(width(),height());
}

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