Spring中@Import注解

作用：用于导入其他的配置类。
属性：

• value：用于指定其他配置类的字节码。

当我们使用@Import之后，有@Import注解的类就是父配置类，而导入的都是子配置类。

示例（在Spring中@Configuration、@ComponentScan和@Bean注解基础上）：
SpringConfiguration类：

package config;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

//该类是一个配置类，它的作用和bean.xml是一样的
//@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.qublog"})
@Import(value = {JdbcConfig.class})
public class SpringConfiguration {

}

JdbcConfig类：

package config;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

//和spring连接数据库相关的配置类
//@Configuration
public class JdbcConfig {

    //用于创建一个QueryRunner对象
    @Bean(name = "runner")
    @Scope(value = "prototype")
    public QueryRunner createQueryRunner(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new QueryRunner(dataSource);
    }

    //创建数据源对象
    @Bean(name = "dataSource")
    public DataSource createDataSource() {
        try {
            ComboPooledDataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
            ds.setDriverClass("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            ds.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springtest?serverTimezone=UTC");
            ds.setUser("root");
            ds.setPassword("1234");
            return ds;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

---

以下方法配置类是并列关系：
SpringConfiguration类：

package config;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

//该类是一个配置类，它的作用和bean.xml是一样的
//@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.qublog"})
//@Import(value = {JdbcConfig.class})
public class SpringConfiguration {

}

JdbcConfig类：

package config;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

//和spring连接数据库相关的配置类
//@Configuration
public class JdbcConfig {

    //用于创建一个QueryRunner对象
    @Bean(name = "runner")
    @Scope(value = "prototype")
    public QueryRunner createQueryRunner(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new QueryRunner(dataSource);
    }

    //创建数据源对象
    @Bean(name = "dataSource")
    public DataSource createDataSource() {
        try {
            ComboPooledDataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
            ds.setDriverClass("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            ds.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springtest?serverTimezone=UTC");
            ds.setUser("root");
            ds.setPassword("1234");
            return ds;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

AccountServiceTest类：

    @Test
    public void testFindAll() {
        //获取容器
//        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        ApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class, JdbcConfig.class);
        //得到业务层对象
        AccountService as = (AccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
        //执行方法
        List<Account> accounts = as.findAllAccount();
        for (Account account:accounts) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
    }

当我们直接在AnnotationConfigApplicationContext类中导入字节码时，该类不需要配置@Configuration就可以被扫描。

---

也可以@ComponentScan中写入要扫描的包，如下：
SpringConfiguration类：

package config;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

//该类是一个配置类，它的作用和bean.xml是一样的
//@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.qublog","config"})
//@Import(value = {JdbcConfig.class})
public class SpringConfiguration {

}

JdbcConfig类：

package config;

import com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

//和spring连接数据库相关的配置类
@Configuration
public class JdbcConfig {

    //用于创建一个QueryRunner对象
    @Bean(name = "runner")
    @Scope(value = "prototype")
    public QueryRunner createQueryRunner(DataSource dataSource) {
        return new QueryRunner(dataSource);
    }

    //创建数据源对象
    @Bean(name = "dataSource")
    public DataSource createDataSource() {
        try {
            ComboPooledDataSource ds = new ComboPooledDataSource();
            ds.setDriverClass("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
            ds.setJdbcUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springtest?serverTimezone=UTC");
            ds.setUser("root");
            ds.setPassword("1234");
            return ds;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

AccountServiceTest类：

    @Test
    public void testFindAll() {
        //获取容器
//        ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
        ApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
        //得到业务层对象
        AccountService as = (AccountService) ac.getBean("accountService");
        //执行方法
        List<Account> accounts = as.findAllAccount();
        for (Account account:accounts) {
            System.out.println(account);
        }
    }