Este artículo explica principalmente cómo utilizar el lenguaje de programación Java para crear aplicaciones de gráficos de escritorio a través de Swing. A través de una sencilla interfaz de formulario de envío de información personal, puede aprender sobre la gestión del diseño de Swing, la configuración de los iconos de la ventana, la compilación y operación, y la configuración del menú de la ventana.
Fecha: 25 de agosto de 2023
efecto real
Aparece la interfaz del documento de ayuda de la nueva ventana:
Descripción: configure el ícono de la nueva ventana para que sea consistente con la ventana principal. También puede configurar el diseño en la nueva ventana de la misma manera que la ventana principal.
ejemplo de código
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.Desktop;
import java.net.URI;
public class MainWindow extends JFrame {
public MainWindow() {
setTitle("简易swing个人信息填写，多菜单界面demo实例");
setSize(400, 300);
setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
setLocation(200, 100);
// 设置任务栏图标
Image taskbarIcon = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getImage("E:\\develop\\cursor\\java\\icon.png");
setIconImage(taskbarIcon);
// 创建菜单栏
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
setJMenuBar(menuBar);
// 创建官网菜单项
JMenuItem websiteMenuItem = new JMenuItem("官网");
websiteMenuItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
openWebsite();
}
});
// 创建帮助菜单项
JMenuItem helpMenuItem = new JMenuItem("帮助");
helpMenuItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
showHelpWindow();
}
});
// 将菜单项添加到菜单栏
JMenu menu = new JMenu("菜单");
menuBar.add(menu);
menu.add(websiteMenuItem);
menu.add(helpMenuItem);
// 创建个人信息填写表单
JPanel formPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());
GridBagConstraints constraints = new GridBagConstraints();
constraints.anchor = GridBagConstraints.WEST;
JLabel nameLabel = new JLabel("姓名：");
JTextField nameTextField = new JTextField(20);
JLabel genderLabel = new JLabel("性别：");
JRadioButton maleRadioButton = new JRadioButton("男");
JRadioButton femaleRadioButton = new JRadioButton("女");
ButtonGroup genderButtonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
genderButtonGroup.add(maleRadioButton);
genderButtonGroup.add(femaleRadioButton);
JLabel hobbyLabel = new JLabel("爱好：");
JCheckBox javaCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Java");
JCheckBox pythonCheckBox = new JCheckBox("Python");
JCheckBox cSharpCheckBox = new JCheckBox("C#");
JLabel introLabel = new JLabel("简介：");
JTextArea introTextArea = new JTextArea(5, 20);
JLabel dropdownLabel = new JLabel("下拉：");
String[] dropdownOptions = {
"不内卷", "规避竞争的最好方法是避免竞争", "养生上班才好"};
JComboBox<String> dropdownComboBox = new JComboBox<>(dropdownOptions);
JButton submitButton = new JButton("提交");
submitButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
submitForm(nameTextField.getText(), maleRadioButton.isSelected(),
javaCheckBox.isSelected(), pythonCheckBox.isSelected(),
cSharpCheckBox.isSelected(), introTextArea.getText(),
dropdownComboBox.getSelectedItem().toString());
}
});
//设置布局
constraints.gridx = 0;//设置x坐标
constraints.gridy = 0;//设置y坐标
formPanel.add(nameLabel, constraints);//添加组件
constraints.gridx = 1;
constraints.gridwidth = 3;//设置宽度
formPanel.add(nameTextField, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 0;
constraints.gridy = 1;
formPanel.add(genderLabel, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 1;
formPanel.add(maleRadioButton, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 2;
formPanel.add(femaleRadioButton, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 0;
constraints.gridy = 2;
formPanel.add(hobbyLabel, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 1;
constraints.gridwidth = 1;
formPanel.add(javaCheckBox, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 2;
constraints.gridwidth = 1;
formPanel.add(pythonCheckBox, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 3;
constraints.gridwidth = 1;
formPanel.add(cSharpCheckBox, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 0;
constraints.gridy = 3;
formPanel.add(introLabel, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 1;
constraints.gridwidth = 3;
formPanel.add(introTextArea, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 0;
constraints.gridy = 4;
formPanel.add(dropdownLabel, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 1;
constraints.gridwidth = 3;
formPanel.add(dropdownComboBox, constraints);
constraints.gridx = 5;
constraints.gridy = 6;
constraints.gridwidth = 4;
formPanel.add(submitButton, constraints);
add(formPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
setVisible(true);
}
//打开官网
private void openWebsite() {
int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this, "点击确认即可打开www.youqiong.net", "打开官网", JOptionPane.OK_CANCEL_OPTION, JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
if (result == JOptionPane.OK_OPTION) {
try {
URI uri = new URI("https://www.youqiong.net");
Desktop desktop = Desktop.getDesktop();
if (desktop.isSupported(Desktop.Action.BROWSE)) {
desktop.browse(uri);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
//显示新窗口
private void showHelpWindow() {
JFrame helpWindow = new JFrame();
JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane();
JTextPane textPane = new JTextPane();
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 1; i <= 200; i++) {
content.append(i).append("\n");
}
textPane.setText(content.toString());
scrollPane.setViewportView(textPane);
helpWindow.add(scrollPane);
helpWindow.setTitle("帮助窗口");
helpWindow.setSize(400, 300);
helpWindow.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);
helpWindow.setVisible(true);
}
//弹出表单信息
private void submitForm(String name, boolean isMale, boolean hasJavaHobby,
boolean hasPythonHobby, boolean hasCSharpHobby,
String intro, String selectedOption) {
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "姓名：" + name + "\n"
+ "性别：" + (isMale ? "男" : "女") + "\n"
+ "爱好：" + (hasJavaHobby ? "Java " : "") + "\n"
+ " " + (hasPythonHobby ? "Python " : "") + "\n"
+ " " + (hasCSharpHobby ? "C#" : "") + "\n"
+ "个人简介：" + intro + "\n"
+ "下拉框选项：" + selectedOption, "个人基本信息", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
}
//实例化窗口
public static void main(String[] args) {
SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
new MainWindow();
}
});
}
}
Descripción del código de ejecución
1. Recuerde compilar primero, use utf-8 para chino
javac -encoding UTF-8 MainWindow.java
2. Para ejecutar el comando, ingrese lo siguiente
java MainWindow
Fin: presione Entrar después de la entrada para que aparezca el efecto de ventana inicial.