Diseño de curso de base de datos - sistema de gestión de bibliotecas (2. Implementación de base de datos - basado en mysql)

Si te es útil, puedes dejar un me gusta, seguir, marcar para el humilde blogger (no)

(Hacer trampa con los datos, tal vez la entrevista pase en el futuro, gracias)

Parece que algunos lectores dijeron que los recursos que no necesitan puntos solo se pueden descargar por VIP, si no puedes descargarlos, puedes dejar un correo en el área de comentarios o chat privado, también puse los recursos en github. La dirección es la siguiente:

https://github.com/goLSX/library_manager_system

Si es útil para usted, puede hacer clic en una estrella, gracias

La base de datos utiliza mysql 8.0.25 de 64 bits, con el uso de navicat

mysql puede descargar el paquete de instalación en la página de inicio o buscarlo en Internet

Puede consultar los tutoriales en línea para la instalación y configuración de la base de datos. Muchas personas han realizado tutoriales, como esta publicación de blog Instalación del paquete comprimido Mysql8.0.17: tutorial súper detallado y simple_singular港的博客-CSDN博客

La instalación de navicat puede consultar esta publicación de blog.

Tutorial de instalación de Navicat16: gráficos y textos detallados_victor_Wang Zehua's Blog-CSDN Blog

Tabla de contenido

1. Crear una nueva base de datos (esquema)

2. Creación de la tabla base

3. Ver la creación

4. Creación de integridad

5. Creación de disparadores

6. Creación de procedimientos almacenados

7. Creación de índices

8. Gestión de permisos de base de datos

9. Estrategia de copia de seguridad y recuperación

Después de instalar navicat y mysql

Inicie el servicio mysql primero y luego use navicat para conectarse. Después de que la conexión sea exitosa, haga clic en Nueva consulta

1. Crear una nueva base de datos (esquema)

Por ejemplo, el nombre de la base de datos creada es library_db, y luego nuestras tablas recién creadas, procedimientos almacenados, etc. pertenecen a esta base de datos (esquema)

create database library_db;
use library_db;

2. Creación de la tabla base

mesa de lectores

Lectores CREATE TABLE (

nombre_lector varchar(20) ,

contraseña varchar(35) ,

nombre varchar(10) ,

id_num varchar(20) ,

número_teléfono varchar(15)

);

mesa de gerentes

crear administradores de tablas (

nombre_administrador varchar(20),

contraseña varchar(35),

nombre varchar(10),

id_num varchar(20),

número_teléfono varchar(15),

entrada_hora fecha,

posición_trabajo varchar(20),

estado varchar(5)

);

tabla de opiniones

crear opiniones de mesa(

opinion_rec_num int,

nombre_lector varchar(20),

opinión varchar(100),

fecha de envío_hora,

estado varchar(10)

);

mesa de libros

crear libros de mesa (

número_libro int,

nombre_libro varchar(30),

flotación book_price,

libro_estado varchar(10),

posición_libro varchar(30)

);

tabla opinion_resultados

crear tabla opinion_resultados(

opinion_rec_num int,

resultado varchar(100),

agente de transacciones varchar(20),

finish_time fecha

);

toma prestado

crear tablas prestadas (

pedir prestado_rec_num int,

nombre_lector varchar(20),

número_libro int,

fecha de tiempo de préstamo,

transactor varchar(20),

préstamo_estado varchar(10),

préstamo_duración pequeño

);

tabla de devoluciones

crear devoluciones de tabla (

pedir prestado_rec_num int,

fecha de retorno_hora,

transactor varchar(20),

flotación de tarifas,

amable varchar(5)

);

3. Ver la creación

crear vista lector_mensaje como

seleccione nombre_del_lector,nombre,num_id,(subcadena(ahora(),1,4)-subcadena(numero_id,7,4))-

(substring(id_num,11,4)-date_format(now(),'%m%d')>0) as age,phone_num from readers;

create view manager_message as

select manager_name,name,id_num,(substring(now(),1,4)-substring(id_num,7,4))-

(substring(id_num,11,4)-date_format(now(),'%m%d')>0) as age,

phone_num,entry_time,work_position,state from managers;

create view opinion_result_message as select opinions.opinion_rec_num as opinion_rec_num,

reader_name,opinion,submit_time,state,result,transactor,finish_time

from (opinions left outer join opinion_results on

opinions.opinion_rec_num = opinion_results.opinion_rec_num);

create view return_message as

select borrows.borrow_rec_num as borrow_rec_num,reader_name,

borrows.book_num as book_num,book_name,borrow_time,

borrows.transactor as borrow_transactor,borrow_state,return_time,

borrow_duration,returns.transactor as return_transactor,fee,kind from

borrows left outer join books on borrows.book_num = books.book_num

left join returns on borrows.borrow_rec_num = returns.borrow_rec_num;

create view book_message as

select book_num,book_name,book_price,book_state,book_position from books;

4. 完整性的创建

(主键、外键、check、非空、唯一、用户定义完整性、自增)

readers表

alter table readers

modify reader_name varchar(20) primary key,

modify password varchar(35) not null,

modify name varchar(10) not null,

modify id_num varchar(20) unique,

add CONSTRAINT readers_check_id CHECK ((char_length(id_num) = 15) or (char_length(id_num) = 18)),

add CONSTRAINT readers_check_phone CHECK ((phone_num is null) or (char_length(phone_num) = 11));

managers表

alter table managers

modify manager_name varchar(20) primary key,

modify password varchar(35) not null,

modify name varchar(10) not null,

modify id_num varchar(20) unique,

modify entry_time date not null,

modify work_position varchar(20) not null,

modify state varchar(5) default '正常',

add CONSTRAINT managers_check_id CHECK ((char_length(id_num) = 15) or (char_length(id_num) = 18)),

add CONSTRAINT managers_check_phone CHECK ((phone_num is null) or (char_length(phone_num) = 11)),

add CONSTRAINT managers_check_state CHECK(state='正常' or state='注销');

books表

alter table books

modify book_num int primary key auto_increment,

modify book_name varchar(30) not null,

modify book_price float not null,

modify book_state varchar(10) not null default '不可借',

add CONSTRAINT books_check_price CHECK (book_price > 0),

add CONSTRAINT books_check_state CHECK(book_state='可借' or book_state='不可借');

opinions表

alter table opinions

modify opinion_rec_num int primary key auto_increment,

modify opinion varchar(100) not null,

modify submit_time date not null,

modify state varchar(10) default '待处理',

add CONSTRAINT opinions_fkey_reader foreign key(reader_name) references readers(reader_name),

add CONSTRAINT opinions_check_state CHECK(state='待处理' or state='处理完成');

opinion_results表

alter table opinion_results

modify opinion_rec_num int primary key,

modify result varchar(100) not null,

modify finish_time date not null,

add CONSTRAINT opinion_results_fkey_rec_num foreign key(opinion_rec_num)

references opinions(opinion_rec_num),

add CONSTRAINT opinion_results_fkey_transactor foreign key(transactor)

references managers(manager_name);

borrows表

alter table borrows

modify borrow_rec_num int primary key auto_increment,

modify borrow_time date not null,

modify borrow_state varchar(10) not null default '待还',

modify borrow_duration smallint not null default 30,

add CONSTRAINT borrows_fkey_reader foreign key(reader_name)

references readers(reader_name),

add CONSTRAINT borrows_fkey_book foreign key(book_num)

references books(book_num),

add CONSTRAINT borrows_fkey_transactor foreign key(transactor)

references managers(manager_name),

add CONSTRAINT borrows_check_state CHECK(borrow_state in ('待还','已还'));

returns表

alter table returns

modify borrow_rec_num int primary key ,

modify return_time date not null,

modify kind varchar(5) default '正常',

add CONSTRAINT returns_fkey_rec_num foreign key(borrow_rec_num)

references borrows(borrow_rec_num),

add CONSTRAINT returns_fkey_transactor foreign key(transactor)

references managers(manager_name),

add CONSTRAINT returns_check_kind CHECK(kind in ('正常','丢失'));

5. 触发器创建

create trigger insert_opinion_results after insert on opinion_results

for each row update opinions set state='处理完成'

where new.opinion_rec_num = opinions.opinion_rec_num;

create trigger insert_borrows after insert on borrows

for each row update books set book_state='不可借'

where new.book_num = books.book_num;

create trigger insert_books before insert on books

for each row if new.book_position is not null

then set new.book_state='可借';

end if;

create trigger update_books before update on books

for each row

if old.book_position is null and new.book_position is not null

then set new.book_state='可借';

end if;

6. 存储过程的创建

create procedure insert_reader

(in reader_name_in varchar(20),

in password varchar(35) ,

in name varchar(10) ,

in id_num varchar(20) ,

in phone_num varchar(15))

begin

insert into readers values(reader_name_in,password,name,id_num,phone_num);

end

create procedure insert_manager

(in manager_name_in varchar(20),

in password_in varchar(35) ,

in name_in varchar(10) ,

in id_num_in varchar(20) ,

in phone_num_in varchar(15),

in entry_time_in date ,

in work_position_in varchar(20))

begin insert into managers

(manager_name,password,name,id_num,phone_num,entry_time, work_position) values

(manager_name_in,password_in,name_in,id_num_in,phone_num_in,entry_time_in,work_position_in);

end

create procedure insert_opinion

(in reader_name_in varchar(20),

in opinion_in varchar(100),

in submit_time_in date)

begin

insert into opinions(reader_name,opinion,submit_time) values

(reader_name_in,opinion_in,submit_time_in);

end

create procedure insert_book

(in book_name_in varchar(30),

in book_price_in float,

in book_position_in varchar(30))

begin

insert into book_message(book_name,book_price,book_position) values

(book_name_in,book_price_in,book_position_in);

end

create procedure insert_opinion_result

(in opinion_rec_num_in int,

in result_in varchar(100),

in transactor_in int,

in finish_time_in date)

begin

insert into opinion_results(opinion_rec_num,result,transactor,finish_time)

values (opinion_rec_num_in,result_in,transactor_in,finish_time_in);

end

create procedure insert_borrow

(in reader_name_in varchar(20),

in book_num_in int,

in borrow_time_in date,

in transactor_in varchar(20),

out result varchar(10))

begin

select exists(select * from reader_message where binary reader_name = reader_name_in)

into result;

if result = '0' then set result = '读者不存在';

select result;

commit;

end if;

select exists(select * from book_message where book_num = book_num_in) into result;

if result = '0' then set result = '图书不存在';

select result;

commit;

end if;

insert into borrows(reader_name,book_num,borrow_time,transactor)

values (reader_name_in,book_num_in,borrow_time_in,transactor_in);

select '成功';

end

create procedure insert_return

(in borrow_rec_num_in int,

in return_time_in date,

in transactor_in varchar(20),

in kind_in varchar(5),

out fee_out float)

begin

declare price float;

DECLARE latetime SMALLINT ;

declare fee_out float default null;

declare book_num_temp int;

declare borrow_time_temp date;

declare borrow_duration_temp smallint;

SELECT book_num ,borrow_time ,borrow_duration INTO

book_num_temp,borrow_time_temp,borrow_duration_temp

FROM borrows WHERE borrow_rec_num = borrow_rec_num_in ;

SELECT book_price into price FROM books WHERE book_num = book_num_temp;

SET latetime = datediff(return_time_in,borrow_time_temp) - borrow_duration_temp;

UPDATE borrows SET borrow_state = '已还' WHERE borrow_rec_num = borrow_rec_num_in;

IF kind_in = '正常' THEN UPDATE books SET book_state = '可借' WHERE

book_num = book_num_temp;

IF latetime > 0 THEN SET fee_out = 0.1 * latetime;

END IF;

ELSE UPDATE books SET book_position = NULL WHERE book_num = book_num_temp;

set fee_out = price;

end if;

insert into returns(borrow_rec_num,return_time,transactor,fee,kind)

values (borrow_rec_num_in,return_time_in,transactor_in,fee_out,kind_in);

select fee_out;

end

create procedure select_reader_message(in reader_name_in varchar(20))

begin

select * from reader_message where binary reader_name = reader_name_in;

end

create procedure select_manager_message(in manager_name_in varchar(20))

begin

select * from manager_message where binary manager_name = manager_name_in;

end

CREATE procedure select_book_message(in book_name_in varchar(30))

begin

select * from book_message where book_name like CONCAT('%',book_name_in,'%');

end

CREATE PROCEDURE select_book_by_num(in book_num_in int)

begin

select * from book_message where book_num = book_num_in;

end

CREATE PROCEDURE select_opinion(in opinion_rec_num_in int)

begin

select opinion,state from opinion_result_message where opinion_rec_num = opinion_rec_num_in;

end

create procedure select_opinion_result_message(in reader_name_in varchar(20))

begin

select * from opinion_result_message where binary reader_name

= reader_name_in order by submit_time desc limit 10;

end

create procedure select_pending_opinion()

begin

select * from opinions where state = '待处理' order by submit_time limit 10;

end

create procedure select_return_message(in reader_name_in varchar(20))

begin

select * from return_message where binary reader_name

= reader_name_in order by borrow_time desc limit 10;

end

CREATE PROCEDURE select_borrow_by_booknum(in book_num_in int)

begin

select * from return_message where borrow_state = '待还' and

book_num = book_num_in limit 1;

end

create procedure update_reader_message

(in reader_name_in varchar(20),

in name_in varchar(10),

in id_num_in varchar(20),

in phone_num_in varchar(15))

begin

update reader_message set name = name_in , id_num = id_num_in ,

phone_num = phone_num_in where binary reader_name = reader_name_in;

end

create procedure update_reader_password

(in password_in varchar(35))

begin

update readers set password = password_in where binary reader_name = reader_name_in;

end

CREATE PROCEDURE update_manager_message(in manager_name_in varchar(20),

in name_in varchar(10),

in id_num_in varchar(20),

in phone_num_in varchar(15))

begin

update manager_message set name = name_in , id_num = id_num_in ,

phone_num = phone_num_in where binary manager_name = manager_name_in;

end

CREATE PROCEDURE update_manager_password

(in manager_name_in varchar(20),

in password_in varchar(35))

begin

update managers set password = password_in where binary manager_name = manager_name_in;

end

CREATE PROCEDURE update_manager_work

(in manager_name_in varchar(20),

in work_position_in varchar(20),

in state_in varchar(5))

begin

update managers set work_position = work_position_in ,state = state_in

where binary manager_name = manager_name_in;

end

CREATE PROCEDURE update_book

(in book_num_in int,

in book_name_in varchar(30),

in book_price_in float,

in book_state_in varchar(10),

in book_position_in varchar(30))

begin

update book_message set book_name = book_name_in ,book_price = book_price_in,

book_state = book_state_in,book_position = book_position_in

where book_num = book_num_in;

end

CREATE PROCEDURE delete_book

(in book_num_in int,

out result varchar(10))

begin

select exists(select * from book_message where book_num = book_num_in) into result;

if result = '0' then set result = '图书不存在';

select result;

commit;

end if;

update book_message set book_state = '不可借',book_position = null

where book_num = book_num_in;

select '成功';

end

CREATE PROCEDURE delete_manager

(in manager_name_in varchar(30))

begin

update managers set state = '注销'

where binary manager_name = manager_name_in;

end

CREATE PROCEDURE extend_time

(in book_num_in int ,

out result varchar(5))

begin declare latetime smallint;

declare result varchar(5) default '成功';

declare borrow_rec_num_in int;

set borrow_rec_num_in =

(select borrow_rec_num from borrows where borrow_state = '待还' and book_num = book_num_in);

select CURDATE() - borrow_time - borrow_duration into latetime

from borrows where borrow_rec_num = borrow_rec_num_in;

if latetime > 0 then set result = '超期';

else update borrows set borrow_duration = borrow_duration + 15

where borrow_rec_num = borrow_rec_num_in;

end if;

select result;

end

create procedure check_reader

(in reader_name_in varchar(20),

in password_in varchar(35),

out result varchar(5))

begin

if password_in = (select password from readers where binary reader_name = reader_name_in)

then set result = '正确';

else set result = '错误';

end if;

select result;

end

create procedure check_manager

(in manager_name_in varchar(20),

in password_in varchar(35),

out result varchar(5))

begin

set result = '错误';

if password_in =

(select password from managers where binary manager_name = manager_name_in)

then set result = '正确';

if '注销' = (select state from managers where binary manager_name = manager_name_in)

then set result = '注销';

end if;

select result;

end

create procedure check_manager_sigh_up

(in manager_name_in varchar(20),

in id_num_in varchar(20) ,

out result varchar(10))

begin

select exists(select * from managers where binary manager_name = manager_name_in) into result;

if result = '1' then set result = '用户名已存在';

select result;

commit;

end if;

select exists(select * from managers where id_num = id_num_in) into result;

if result = '1' then set result = '身份证号已被注册';

end if;

if result = '0' then select 'OK';

else select result;

end if;

end

create procedure check_reader_sigh_up

(in reader_name_in varchar(20),

in id_num_in varchar(20) ,

out result varchar(10))

begin

select exists(select * from readers where binary reader_name = reader_name_in) into result;

if result = '1' then set result = '用户名已存在';

select result;

commit;

end if;

select exists(select * from readers where id_num = id_num_in) into result;

if result = '1' then set result = '身份证号已被注册';

end if;

if result = '0' then select 'OK';

else select result;

end if;

end

7. 索引创建

mysql创建表时默认引擎InnoDB，如果表有主键，会建立主键聚集索引，如果一个字段有unique约束，会建立unique索引,如果一个字段有外键约束，会建立外键索引。在此基础上我们只多建立一个索引,books表的book_name字段建立非聚集索引。

create index book_name_index on books(book_name);

给books表的book_name创建非聚集索引,其他索引由数据库引擎创建

完成后各表上的索引如下

各字段解析如下

Table	表示创建索引的数据表名。
Non_unique	表示该索引是否是唯一索引。若不是唯一索引，则该列的值为 1；若是唯一索引，则该列的值为 0。
Key_name	表示索引的名称。
Seq_in_index	表示该列在索引中的位置，如果索引是单列的，则该列的值为 1；如果索引是组合索引，则该列的值为每列在索引定义中的顺序。
Column_name	表示定义索引的列字段。
Collation	表示列以何种顺序存储在索引中。在 MySQL 中，升序显示值“A”（升序），若显示为 NULL，则表示无分类。
Cardinality	索引中唯一值数目的估计值。基数根据被存储为整数的统计数据计数，所以即使对于小型表，该值也没有必要是精确的。基数越大，当进行联合时，MySQL 使用该索引的机会就越大。
Sub_part	表示列中被编入索引的字符的数量。若列只是部分被编入索引，则该列的值为被编入索引的字符的数目；若整列被编入索引，则该列的值为 NULL。
Packed	指示关键字如何被压缩。若没有被压缩，值为 NULL。
Null	用于显示索引列中是否包含 NULL。若列含有 NULL，该列的值为 YES。若没有，则该列的值为 NO。
Index_type	显示索引使用的类型和方法（BTREE、FULLTEXT、HASH、RTREE）。
Comment	显示评注。

8. 数据库权限管理

使用严格的权限管理，只有允许的操作才能进行；有三类用户使用数据库,创建reader,manager,sys_manager。每个用户只授权某些函数的执行，不允许修改,也不允许权限传递，更不能直接接触到表，这样保证数据库的安全性和独立性(只通过函数接口访问)。

除了这三个用户外，实现时还使用一个checker用户,这个用户负责在我们没有登录成功前，连接数据库进行用户检查，检查通过后，建立用户连接进行数据库操作(reader/manager/sys_manager), 同时checker连接释放，另外读者用户注册也需要checker帮助传递读者信息到数据库完成注册,manager的注册有sys_manager负责验证。

各用户授予权限如下

（关于创建用户和授权可以参考以下代码

CREATE USER 'checker'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'checkerpassword'; #其他类似

...................

grant execute on procedure library_db.insert_opinion to 'reader'@'localhost';

........................）

（也可以使用navicat图形化的方式创建，百度一下）

9. 备份与恢复策略(可不做，但是做了的话比较完善)

采取海量+增量的方式备份数据。每周进行一次海量备份，两次海量备份之间采用增量备份方式。由于mysql不直接提供增量备份方式，故采用日志记录的方式来实现增量备份。

备份流程如下:

1.在配置文件开启二进制日志功能，设置日志地址（根据），服务id 如图

注:backup 文件夹需要自己创建、mysql-bin是日志文件的命名方式，不用创建，结合下图看看

2. Realice primero una copia de seguridad masiva, como

mysqldump -u root -p -R biblioteca_db> C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\library_db.sql

O use navicat para respaldar gráficamente

3. Después de eso, mysql registrará el registro de ejecución y lo guardará en la dirección que especificamos. El nombre es mysql-bin.00000x, para que podamos restaurar los datos a través de una copia de seguridad y registro masivos. (contando desde mysql-bin.000001)

Un ejemplo de recuperación es el siguiente:

1. Primero restaurar la copia de seguridad masiva

mysql -u root -p < C:\Usuarios\Administrador\Escritorio\library_db.sql

2. Reutilice el registro para restaurar la copia de seguridad incremental una por una (vaya a la carpeta del directorio de registro para ejecutar el comando de restauración)

mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.000001 | mysql -uroot -p+contraseña

(如mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.000001 | mysql -uroot -p123456)

mysqlbinlog --no-defaults mysql-bin.00000 2 | mysql -uroot -p+contraseña

.........

El método de copia de seguridad en tiempo de ejecución real utiliza navicat para crear un trabajo por lotes, especificar para realizar una copia de seguridad completa y luego restablecer el registro (contando desde 000001), el tiempo de ejecución es a las 2:00 am todos los domingos y la configuración es la siguiente

Nota: después de cada recuperación, el procedimiento almacenado debe volver a autorizarse

En este punto, la implementación de la base de datos está completa.