Ali sister REVIEW: 5G into the era of rapid development of the Internet of Things is about, and build a new twin digital world. Our manufacturing is currently undergoing a transformation, one of the main things is the industry's future development direction of networking technology. Well, the Internet of Things being what cutting-edge technology born? What prospects AIoT cutting-edge technology 5G, IPV6, block chain, temporal and spatial information, such as digital twin body there?
For the above problem, Ali cloud networking chief scientist wisdom, perception and cognition expert Ding Xianfeng had to share with you and answer. Ding Xianfeng has experience in networking and in the field of artificial intelligence was 20 years, the following is to share his understanding of the industrial platform of the Internet of Things, and related technologies.
Internet industry is the second half of consumer Internet
Dear students, I called Ding Xianfeng, nickname Ke town. I am the chief scientist Ali cloud IoT Division, responsible for the construction of things Ali cloud platform, as well as construction of industrial internet platform.
First of all I would like to elaborate, the value of open source for the Internet industry.
Open source for the Internet industry this huge project is extremely important. Why should the construction industry the Internet? What is the Internet industry? The nature of the Internet industry is digitized humans accumulated more than 200 years of industry knowledge, in the form of software or data form on the Internet. The original digital library is the text digitized, if the book industry is, then the knowledge of physics, chemistry, mathematical formulas and so to express in words the computer, but not the calculation of code that can be invoked, but after people acquire knowledge, but also programmed to control the machine. Over the past 20 years, the Internet mainly to address information storage, processing, dissemination of the problem, but the next 20 years will be more deeply human level, these mathematical formulas, simulation of the model code, so the Internet industry will be a huge project, human the industry has certainly more than 360 industries, probably a bearing industry (an important part of the machine) can be divided into 360 lines, a lot of variety of models of human has been established, these human knowledge can not be reused it? The age of the Internet is a shared model, mathematical companies, but requires copy, dissemination of serious capacity is limited. But once the model established a SaaS, so anyone can enter parameters to reuse the crystallization of human knowledge. Obviously utilization of human knowledge will be greatly magnified, human collaboration since the agricultural revolution 10,000 years once again been greatly improved.
Now we not only have to build a number of Si Ku Quan Shu, but to establish a Sikuquanshu code base, such tremendous work, there are several ways of working, first, please reincarnation of Emperor Qianlong, we solicited the whole of China, and even experts around the world to contribute code, it would be very expensive process. The second way is to learn the patent system, who contributed, who will get the patent, then no one is to contribute a number of patented models already expired. And models of human knowledge or co-owned, should belong to all mankind, rather than a few people or company, they should get paid to write code, but knowledge and models should be free. Since such a large knowledge of digital engineering, human labor is a big jump, then all human beings involved is the most interesting. And a lot of knowledge sharing model should give the whole of humanity, you should first open source, open source means sharing to the entire human race. Second only open source, the whole human race to contribute to industrial end 200 years of accumulated knowledge of mankind. Of course, now mankind is continually invention in the creative process, many companies and some new invention or may not open source, customers can pay to acquire the right to use.
Next we discuss the differences between the industrial and the Internet of Things. Things is a more generic term, while industrial Internet is things to man, machine, material, method, digitized later linked together, and based on these resources to optimize the entire manufacturing process, thereby achieving a more rapid response agility mass customization needs.
Over the past 20 years mainly consumer Internet, it is closer relationship between commodity and consumer. And the following 20 years the Internet industry or that industry 4.0, I think the second half of the consumer Internet, which aims to closer relations between manufacturing systems and consumers. Consumer Internet is the first production plan, consumers do not have the right to define the demand for products, only products made out to be able to buy. The Internet industry to solve the problem is to make the entire manufacturing system able to respond very quickly to the customized needs of consumers, allowing consumers to participate in the process of manufacture.
Any era, are technology-driven. Such as Newton's three laws have later Watt invented the steam engine, only the era of mechanization; with Maxwell's equations, will have Edison invented the generator, light bulbs, with electrification of the times; it was the invention of semiconductors, electron tubes from then the transistor integrated circuit, will cause the booming information age.
Over the past decade, the mobile Internet is also behind a huge wave of technology driven. What technology behind smartphones is it? It is a 4G technology. Chip technology has reached a certain degree, to be able to support you to make a smart phone, which was lit up mobile Internet era. Then the following era, we first talk about what it is a technological age, and then repeat that it is a kind of industrial era.
1 trillion to solve the "material" information exchange
Relative 4G era past, now we are talking about more or 5G is the era of things, technology-driven force of this era, what is it? Just like 4G as 10 billion people to solve the problem of information exchange, but things together 5G, the exchange of information to resolve the matter of nearly 1 trillion problem. 4G era good solution to the problem of human information exchange, and whether it is a 5G or I would want to address Ipv6, that technology itself is to solve the exchange of information was a problem.
From Bits, Farmes, to Packets, Messages ...... and finally the future participant x and participant y, there may be 1 trillion matter which has 100 million people, are no longer two people to exchange information, but there may be a man a light bulb, or a man and a car, or your car with your home in exchange of information. Technology-driven force next era, from the Internet of Things technology.
Once established the interconnection of all things, the most important thing is that we can establish a physical world abstraction layer, every object mapping from the physical world to the digital world. With this digital world, computers will be able to play its computing power to handle big data, small data or time-series data, we can once again significantly enhance the efficiency of all aspects of human life.
There are institutions predict that by 2025 or 2030, Internet of things, AI, 5G technology will generate 11 trillion US dollars worth of human society. With manufacturing are projected to generate $ 1200 to 3700 billion U.S. dollars in value, bigger than any other industry. Manufacturing itself is mankind's second largest industry in China also accounted for about 40% of GDP. So even if one percent of the impact, will produce several hundred billion dollars of profit, multiplied by the valuation, the valuation difference is that tens of thousands of yuan.
In the PC era, China's participation is relatively small. The main chip is Intel, software major Microsoft, companies like Oracle. Only one company Lenovo China, accounting for 20% of the world division of labor. Mobile Internet era, let China Huawei, Oppo, vivo, millet, and so the company, accounting for 50% of mobile phone hardware shipments. The chip also made considerable progress, as Hass and Spreadtrum, now account for nearly 20% of the mobile phone chip shipments. The era of mobile software APP is, whether it is electricity supplier software, social networking software, or search software, China is already the second largest after the US market, APP, is close to 20% of the world market.
Into the next era, the era of things, would require a large number of sensors and connectors, or connected to a sensor. He predicts that by 2030, China will be the world's chip manufacturing design 80% to 90% of the things hardware devices and 50% of the things related.
Here we want to ask a question, we can do 50% of the world's hardware, 50% of the chips of things, we can not do SaaS 50% of the world deal with these things on the data it? Is still a huge question mark, the United States, Japan and Europe is much more powerful than China but also in the production of SaaS, so I keep all of my colleagues say, revolution is not successful, comrades still work.
5G and IPV6
Finished a big trend, the next focus of talk about things related to several of the most important technology. I do not talk about how technology, but rather talk about why these technologies for the Internet of Things is born.
The first and most important technology, I think it is 5G. 5G 4G is not just the extension, the extension of 4G is only one point, called the move enhanced bandwidth. Now our phones can video call, mobile enhanced bandwidth is simply to make a video call may achieve 3D video calls. Mass of machine type communication 5G, and ultra-high reliability and low latency communication, in fact, to solve the problem of Things devices.
5G has three key functions, the first is an enhanced mobile broadband, it is mainly to solve the human-computer interaction HD video, AR / VR's. The second is connected to the low-power large-machine communications, mainly to solve such home electric meter, water meter, gas meter These low-power / ultra low power connections. The density meter is also very high, so it is a lot of communication cut into thin density channel, and let the communication remains low power consumption, low cost. And a third low-latency high connection reliability, mainly to industrial high-precision control, the autopilot such applications. Operation of a robotic arm or a traveling autonomous vehicles, its communications require very low latency, and be sure to convey, it must be ultra-reliable.
Since 5G is born of things, then it is actually no longer need a very broad means of mobile communication, it is very important to the future of the private network, low-cost cloud-based core of the network is very important. Alibaba also put a cloud-based calculation of 5G core network, as well as MEC edge mobile unit, added 5G stack on the end, to help customers make smart home, smart parks, smart cities and intelligent industry these directions.
Why then do IPV6? It is a network topology revolution. Do not need to second-hand transit, you do not need P2P holes, are free to communicate very well between the two of Things devices. Each device does not need to hide behind the gateway, you can upgrade to first class citizen in the online world. And since they are a direct IP, Ipv6 network 10 can be reduced to 30% of the network delay.
So 5G is to solve the problem of channel capacity, IPV6 is to solve the problem of IP address, which can make the world a flat network. Alibaba with partners, offers a lot of IPV6 technology, whether you are through LoRa base, edge gateway, access to a private cloud, or via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth access, we are able to provide access of IPV6.
We will then provide access to IPV6, and also provide access to overseas around the IPV6 in the public cloud, private cloud and private cloud above. We are now mainly provide access to IPV6, the future will provide topology IPV6, and then in the future we will provide IPV6 M2M capabilities to customers.
Outdoor positioning technology and GIS
Positioning technology is a very important technology era of things. In the era of things, every thing needs a reference time and space. Whether it is aircraft, vehicles, cell phones or the Internet of Things, mobile or non-mobile, you need an accurate position. So positioning technology of the times things need to be more accurate than the mobile Internet era, low-power, high coverage. From indoor to outdoor, it requires a variety of wireless technology, sensor technology and advanced fusion algorithm.
Currently there are major mobile phone positioning technology categories. The first category is the GNSS, including GPS, Galileo, Compass, or the like, there are a variety of filtering algorithm and fusion algorithm, as well as some of the network-assisted positioning technology. The second category is the network location technology, such as Global Positioning IP, global positioning station, a global positioning wifi, reverse geocoding service, motion detection, further comprising positioning a number of off-line services. Another type is the secondary sensor, such as a pedestrian dead reckoning navigation or dead reckoning, in the absence of GPS or network situation, but also to continue to calculate the trajectory of people or vehicles. The last category is the map matching navigation, you can be on cloud, map matching can also be done at the end, such as a track, apparently with a certain route on a map is matched, you can put your positioning drift to pull back.
Vehicle positioning technology into several categories, including VIO / SLAM, semantic positioning, sensor fusion, and high-precision mapping technology. On the basis of mobile phone positioning technology, positioning technology and the development of in-vehicle navigation technology. Car of the future positioning, some more features than the positioning information covered by the requirements of mobile phones more accurate, less coverage area.
Positioning technology and data technology, the future will be a lot of data to form a closed loop. Between each other positioning technology and services continue to calibration data, and then let the whole of things, such as urban and spatial map data and positioning technology inside more and more accurate, because the original GPS drift generated some errors, but also because a large number of Crowdsourcing calibration data obtained.
Finished outdoor positioning technology, I have a little talk about GIS technology with location technology fit. GIS technology is a software mainly to map information, road information, as well as high-level information, etc. together. GIS technology is mainly a large part of a few, including data collection, management, analysis and application.
GIS technology after decades of development, from infancy basically entered a mature stage. The relationship between GIS and the IoT will become IoT provide real-time data, GIS provides the ability to collect and analyze data engine, these capabilities help the application of things for better handling and display. For example, a smart city management which, IoT provide a lot of dynamic data, such as people, vehicles, data objects, rain and snow weather data, there are a lot of video data, and GIS provide a lot of space-time reference data, so it can help solve many commercial applications, such as urban rainwater, diffuse pollution, pipeline network, urban settlement and so on.
Indoor positioning technology
Here we talk about very important things for indoor positioning technology. Several common indoor positioning technology has WiFi, Bluetooth and ZiBee triangulation, as well as geomagnetic positioning technology.
Most of positioning technology are using multilateration, including WiFi, Bluetooth RSSI, ultrasound, UWB, ZiBee technology, now there are new AOA technology Bluetooth 5.2, RFID technology, can provide a more precise positioning technology for indoor positioning.
Some other positioning technologies, such as fingerprint positioning technology, inertial navigation room, and three-dimensional visual image positioning, such as indoor robot with a laser radar, millimeter wave, ultrasound, such positioning technology, future applications inside the factory, like automatic feeding, storage and transportation, logistics, feeding, etc., are let industry 4.0 can be important basic technology applications. There is no doubt, indoor positioning will be, or is the integration of multiple technologies in a variety of sensors in order to provide indoor positioning technology objects such as robots become a basis for industrial products 4.0.
Talked about indoor positioning, also talked about some of the information indoor three-dimensional coordinates, three-dimensional coordinate information interior mainly through BIM software, this can put a floor pipe gallery, ah, ah, and so the wall three-dimensional data, are described in a database inside, GIS geographic information system depicting outdoor like.
GIS information, IoT information, location information together, it can be based on indoor positioning technology and space-time technical room by IoT data platform, real-time data input device to the BIM (Building Information Modeling) system inside, staff events, etc. in the digital world are unfolded inside, so some data can be analyzed, and then solve the problem of a lot of scenes, such as fire emergency evacuation plans, the mall staff behavior analysis, heat flow diagram, and even where to point heaters to be more open It is understood to have real-time online.
So the physical world and the digital world to provide time and space with indoor positioning reference, and then add BIM information, be able to analyze this data and show up, it is possible to build this application a better of things. Speaking in front of these technologies are solving different issues, so that we can accurately describe a digital world.
Block chain, digital twin body
Next we talk about simple block chain, block chain to actually mean what? Analogy you buy a house, you need an original books, records and the terms of the transaction agreement, there must be a very credible third parties, can the bank manager and your own money, the books are placed inside a to create a deal. But then, this is the holder of the books can tamper with it.
To make the books can not be tampered with, how can you do it? First, each record plus signature and time stamp, and recorded books, to change a record, you want all the records in front of all get rid of, then the transaction after hundreds of times, it is difficult to record this transaction tampered with.
The second is to back up multiple individual has a copy of a copy of the transaction in its own books each, on the inside of things, is that everyone has an edge compute nodes. To change a books easy, but change multiple books is more difficult, so the confidence to move up the center of the network, with a population of consensus mechanisms to establish trust.
Natural things such a technique, because basically each house has a router, the edge has a computing node, each cell has an edge server, the books can be a data transaction. For example, a man called your home lights, he called many times, with the number of electricity, will be recorded, he could not deny the.
Ali cloud-based ant block chain, the development of IoT technology stack, including data layer, network layer, consensus layer, layer contracts, visit control layer and application layer. We use the edge of IoT Union distributed the books chain network to collect data and put IoT Union chain management services micro-cluster, to support the application of a variety of block chain of things. For example, consumer logistics services, warehousing services, finance, insurance, etc. These data, do data exchange.
Internet industry there is a very important thing is the digital twin body, its benefits is the ability to make us better human-computer interaction. Digital twin body has a lot of applications, such as visualization maintenance, equipment status visualization, interactive remote interactive, three-dimensional device operating guides. For example, after collecting the data a pump, it can be a state of real-time overlay to your eyes see this water pump above, others can remotely help you recognize there is some problem, to assist front-line operation and maintenance personnel change even more efficient.
Epilogue
4G era is the era of mobile Internet, the most important application is in mobile, social, local. So what is the most valuable application of Things era is produced? I think that is the Internet industry. Earlier we talked about, 5G solve the problem of large-capacity communication, IPV6 IP solves the problem, and then locate the outdoor and indoor positioning time and space to solve the baseline problem, block chain to solve the problem of data protection and trust. Coupled with digital twin body, in the digital world we have established one after another digital entity (digital person). This is based on several technical, I think the future of the outbreak, pointing to a direction that is the biggest industrial manufacturing technology.
Original link: Ali cloud scientist Ding Xianfeng: Where is the value of all interconnected?
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