How to convert a hexadecimal string in Java byte array will be?

I have filled with a hexadecimal number and print the byte array, the simplest way is meaningless, because there are many elements unprintable. What I need is the exact form of hex code:3a5f771c


#1st Floor

The most simple solution, no external libraries, not numeric constants:

public static String byteArrayToHex(byte[] a) {
   StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(a.length * 2);
   for(byte b: a)
      sb.append(String.format("%02x", b));
   return sb.toString();
}

#2nd Floor

This simple oneliner worked for me
String result = new BigInteger(1, inputBytes).toString(16);
Edit - use this method to remove leading zeros, but hey worked in my use cases. Thanks @Voicu noted


#3rd floor

// // shift bytes more effectively You can also use the byte

public static String getHexString (String s) 
{
    byte[] buf = s.getBytes();

    StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

    for (byte b:buf)
    {
        sb.append(String.format("%x", b));
    }


        return sb.toString();
}

#4th floor

At the expense of a small amount of memory lookup table, which is simple and very fast.

 private static final char[] BYTE2HEX=(
    "000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F"+
    "101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F"+
    "202122232425262728292A2B2C2D2E2F"+
    "303132333435363738393A3B3C3D3E3F"+
    "404142434445464748494A4B4C4D4E4F"+
    "505152535455565758595A5B5C5D5E5F"+
    "606162636465666768696A6B6C6D6E6F"+
    "707172737475767778797A7B7C7D7E7F"+
    "808182838485868788898A8B8C8D8E8F"+
    "909192939495969798999A9B9C9D9E9F"+
    "A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9AAABACADAEAF"+
    "B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8B9BABBBCBDBEBF"+
    "C0C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9CACBCCCDCECF"+
    "D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9DADBDCDDDEDF"+
    "E0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9EAEBECEDEEEF"+
    "F0F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9FAFBFCFDFEFF").toCharArray();
   ; 

  public static String getHexString(byte[] bytes) {
    final int len=bytes.length;
    final char[] chars=new char[len<<1];
    int hexIndex;
    int idx=0;
    int ofs=0;
    while (ofs<len) {
      hexIndex=(bytes[ofs++] & 0xFF)<<1;
      chars[idx++]=BYTE2HEX[hexIndex++];
      chars[idx++]=BYTE2HEX[hexIndex];
    }
    return new String(chars);
  }

#5th Floor

javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary()Method is to byte[]convert a hexadecimal string convenient method, it is Java XML Binding Architecture (JAXB) is part of. DatatypeConverterClass also includes many other useful data processing method.

In Java 8 and earlier versions, JAXB is part of the Java standard library. To move all Java EE package their own library, the version of Java 9 in deprecated in Java 11 are already deleted . It's a long story . Now, javax.xml.bindit does not exist, and if you want to use include DatatypeConverterJAXB, you need to install the Maven JAXB API and JAXB Runtime .

Example usage:

byte bytes[] = {(byte)0, (byte)0, (byte)134, (byte)0, (byte)61};
String hex = javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(bytes);

Will result in:

000086003D

The answer to this same.


#6th floor

I usually carried out using the following method debuf statement, but I do not know if this is the best way to perform this action

private static String digits = "0123456789abcdef";

public static String toHex(byte[] data){
    StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer();
    for (int i = 0; i != data.length; i++)
    {
        int v = data[i] & 0xff;
        buf.append(digits.charAt(v >> 4));
        buf.append(digits.charAt(v & 0xf));
    }
    return buf.toString();
}

#7th floor

I prefer to use this:

final protected static char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes, int offset, int count) {
    char[] hexChars = new char[count * 2];
    for ( int j = 0; j < count; j++ ) {
        int v = bytes[j+offset] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars);
}

It is slightly adapted to the accepted answer. For me personally, I kept the answer and the answer to this overloaded and more accepted, can be used in more cases.


Building # 8

@maybewecouldstealavan a small modification proposed solution, which allows you to output a hexadecimal string of N bytes will be visually bound together:

 final static char[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
 final static char BUNDLE_SEP = ' ';

public static String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes, int bundleSize /*[bytes]*/]) {
        char[] hexChars = new char[(bytes.length * 2) + (bytes.length / bundleSize)];
        for (int j = 0, k = 1; j < bytes.length; j++, k++) {
                int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
                int start = (j * 2) + j/bundleSize;

                hexChars[start] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
                hexChars[start + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];

                if ((k % bundleSize) == 0) {
                        hexChars[start + 2] = BUNDLE_SEP;
                }   
        }   
        return new String(hexChars).trim();    
}

That is:

bytesToHexString("..DOOM..".toCharArray().getBytes(), 2);
2E2E 444F 4F4D 2E2E

bytesToHexString("..DOOM..".toCharArray().getBytes(), 4);
2E2E444F 4F4D2E2E

House # 9

how about this?

    String byteToHex(final byte[] hash)
    {
        Formatter formatter = new Formatter();
        for (byte b : hash)
        {
            formatter.format("%02x", b);
        }
        String result = formatter.toString();
        formatter.close();
        return result;
    }

#10th floor

If you are looking to python exactly the same byte array, then I have achieved this Java convert python.

class ByteArray:

@classmethod
def char(cls, args=[]):
    cls.hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".encode('utf-16')
    j = 0
    length = (cls.hexArray)

    if j < length:
        v = j & 0xFF
        hexChars = [None, None]
        hexChars[j * 2] = str( cls.hexArray) + str(v)
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = str(cls.hexArray) + str(v) + str(0x0F)
        # Use if you want...
        #hexChars.pop()

    return str(hexChars)

array = ByteArray()
print array.char(args=[])

House # 11

Guava solutions to ensure the integrity of:

import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding;
...
byte[] bytes = "Hello world".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
final String hex = BaseEncoding.base16().lowerCase().encode(bytes);

Now, hexShi "48656c6c6f20776f726c64".


House # 12

Use DataTypeConverter classjavax.xml.bind.DataTypeConverter

String hexString = DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(bytes[] raw);


House # 13

Well, there are many ways to do this, but if you decide to use a library, I recommend that you take a closer look at the project, to see whether some of the features have been implemented in the library has been part of the project, and then add the new library just to do it. For example, if you have not

org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex

Maybe you have ...

org.apache.xerces.impl.dv.util.HexBin


House # 14

I will use a similar approach to a fixed length, such as a hash:

md5sum = String.format("%032x", new BigInteger(1, md.digest()));

House # 15

  public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String s) {
    int len = s.length();
    byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
      data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
        + Character.digit(s.charAt(i+1), 16));
    }
  return data;
  } 

House # 16

This is a java.util.Base64realization of (part), not very pretty?

public class Base16/*a.k.a. Hex*/ {
    public static class Encoder{
        private static char[] toLowerHex={'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','a','b','c','d','e','f'};
        private static char[] toUpperHex={'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
        private boolean upper;
        public Encoder(boolean upper) {
            this.upper=upper;
        }
        public String encode(byte[] data){
            char[] value=new char[data.length*2];
            char[] toHex=upper?toUpperHex:toLowerHex;
            for(int i=0,j=0;i<data.length;i++){
                int octet=data[i]&0xFF;
                value[j++]=toHex[octet>>4];
                value[j++]=toHex[octet&0xF];
            }
            return new String(value);
        }
        static final Encoder LOWER=new Encoder(false);
        static final Encoder UPPER=new Encoder(true);
    }
    public static Encoder getEncoder(){
        return Encoder.LOWER;
    }
    public static Encoder getUpperEncoder(){
        return Encoder.UPPER;
    }
    //...
}

House # 17

private static String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes, int length) {
        if (bytes == null || length == 0) return null;

        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(2*length);

        for (int i = 0 ; i < length ; i++) {
            int b;

            b = 0x0f & (bytes[i] >> 4);
            ret.append("0123456789abcdef".charAt(b));

            b = 0x0f & bytes[i];
            ret.append("0123456789abcdef".charAt(b));
        }

        return ret.toString();
    }

House # 18

Any solution can not be found on this page can not be solved

  1. Using a loop
  2. Use javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter can be a good compilation, but often throws java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError at runtime.

This is not a defect of the above solution (although I promise there will be no other defects)

import java.math.BigInteger;

import static java.lang.System.out;
public final class App2 {
    // | proposed solution.
    public static String encode(byte[] bytes) {          
        final int length = bytes.length;

        // | BigInteger constructor throws if it is given an empty array.
        if (length == 0) {
            return "00";
        }

        final int evenLength = (int)(2 * Math.ceil(length / 2.0));
        final String format = "%0" + evenLength + "x";         
        final String result = String.format (format, new BigInteger(bytes));

        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 00
        out.println(encode(new byte[] {})); 

        // 01
        out.println(encode(new byte[] {1})); 

        //203040
        out.println(encode(new byte[] {0x20, 0x30, 0x40})); 

        // 416c6c20796f75722062617365206172652062656c6f6e6720746f2075732e
        out.println(encode("All your base are belong to us.".getBytes()));
    }
}   

I could not get in the 62 opcode this information, but if you can not use zero-padded to prevent the first byte of less than 0x10, then the following solution will operate using only 23 yards. If the display does not achieve the native (or in this case, which can if BigInteger zero prefix option) words, such as "easy" if the string length is odd, is filled with zeros "or the like to achieve own "solutions can become very expensive. toString).

public static String encode(byte[] bytes) {          
    final int length = bytes.length;

    // | BigInteger constructor throws if it is given an empty array.
    if (length == 0) {
        return "00";
    }

    return new BigInteger(bytes).toString(16);
}

House # 19

My solution might WeCouldStealAVan based solutions, but do not rely on any additional lookup table assigned. It does not use any coercion "from character to character," the (in fact, Character.forDigit()did, some compare to the real meaning of the check digit), so it may be slower. Please use it anytime, anywhere. Cheers.

public static String bytesToHex(final byte[] bytes)
{
    final int numBytes = bytes.length;
    final char[] container = new char[numBytes * 2];

    for (int i = 0; i < numBytes; i++)
    {
        final int b = bytes[i] & 0xFF;

        container[i * 2] = Character.forDigit(b >>> 4, 0x10);
        container[i * 2 + 1] = Character.forDigit(b & 0xF, 0x10);
    }

    return new String(container);
}

House # 20

If you are using Spring Security Framework, you can use:

import org.springframework.security.crypto.codec.Hex

final String testString = "Test String";
final byte[] byteArray = testString.getBytes();
System.out.println(Hex.encode(byteArray));

House # 21

          Converts bytes data to hex characters

          @param bytes byte array to be converted to hex string
          @return byte String in hex format

        private static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
            char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
            int v;
            for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
                v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
                hexChars[j * 2] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
                hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
            }
            return new String(hexChars);
        }

House # 22

Add a simple function jar utility is not a good choice. But rather a compilation of your own utility class. The following are possible faster implementation.

public class ByteHex {

    public static int hexToByte(char ch) {
        if ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') return ch - '0';
        if ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'F') return ch - 'A' + 10;
        if ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'f') return ch - 'a' + 10;
        return -1;
    }

    private static final String[] byteToHexTable = new String[]
    {
        "00", "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07", "08", "09", "0A", "0B", "0C", "0D", "0E", "0F",
        "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "1A", "1B", "1C", "1D", "1E", "1F",
        "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "2A", "2B", "2C", "2D", "2E", "2F",
        "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "3A", "3B", "3C", "3D", "3E", "3F",
        "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "4A", "4B", "4C", "4D", "4E", "4F",
        "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "5A", "5B", "5C", "5D", "5E", "5F",
        "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "6A", "6B", "6C", "6D", "6E", "6F",
        "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "7A", "7B", "7C", "7D", "7E", "7F",
        "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "8A", "8B", "8C", "8D", "8E", "8F",
        "90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97", "98", "99", "9A", "9B", "9C", "9D", "9E", "9F",
        "A0", "A1", "A2", "A3", "A4", "A5", "A6", "A7", "A8", "A9", "AA", "AB", "AC", "AD", "AE", "AF",
        "B0", "B1", "B2", "B3", "B4", "B5", "B6", "B7", "B8", "B9", "BA", "BB", "BC", "BD", "BE", "BF",
        "C0", "C1", "C2", "C3", "C4", "C5", "C6", "C7", "C8", "C9", "CA", "CB", "CC", "CD", "CE", "CF",
        "D0", "D1", "D2", "D3", "D4", "D5", "D6", "D7", "D8", "D9", "DA", "DB", "DC", "DD", "DE", "DF",
        "E0", "E1", "E2", "E3", "E4", "E5", "E6", "E7", "E8", "E9", "EA", "EB", "EC", "ED", "EE", "EF",
        "F0", "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "FA", "FB", "FC", "FD", "FE", "FF"
    };

    private static final String[] byteToHexTableLowerCase = new String[]
    {
        "00", "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07", "08", "09", "0a", "0b", "0c", "0d", "0e", "0f",
        "10", "11", "12", "13", "14", "15", "16", "17", "18", "19", "1a", "1b", "1c", "1d", "1e", "1f",
        "20", "21", "22", "23", "24", "25", "26", "27", "28", "29", "2a", "2b", "2c", "2d", "2e", "2f",
        "30", "31", "32", "33", "34", "35", "36", "37", "38", "39", "3a", "3b", "3c", "3d", "3e", "3f",
        "40", "41", "42", "43", "44", "45", "46", "47", "48", "49", "4a", "4b", "4c", "4d", "4e", "4f",
        "50", "51", "52", "53", "54", "55", "56", "57", "58", "59", "5a", "5b", "5c", "5d", "5e", "5f",
        "60", "61", "62", "63", "64", "65", "66", "67", "68", "69", "6a", "6b", "6c", "6d", "6e", "6f",
        "70", "71", "72", "73", "74", "75", "76", "77", "78", "79", "7a", "7b", "7c", "7d", "7e", "7f",
        "80", "81", "82", "83", "84", "85", "86", "87", "88", "89", "8a", "8b", "8c", "8d", "8e", "8f",
        "90", "91", "92", "93", "94", "95", "96", "97", "98", "99", "9a", "9b", "9c", "9d", "9e", "9f",
        "a0", "a1", "a2", "a3", "a4", "a5", "a6", "a7", "a8", "a9", "aa", "ab", "ac", "ad", "ae", "af",
        "b0", "b1", "b2", "b3", "b4", "b5", "b6", "b7", "b8", "b9", "ba", "bb", "bc", "bd", "be", "bf",
        "c0", "c1", "c2", "c3", "c4", "c5", "c6", "c7", "c8", "c9", "ca", "cb", "cc", "cd", "ce", "cf",
        "d0", "d1", "d2", "d3", "d4", "d5", "d6", "d7", "d8", "d9", "da", "db", "dc", "dd", "de", "df",
        "e0", "e1", "e2", "e3", "e4", "e5", "e6", "e7", "e8", "e9", "ea", "eb", "ec", "ed", "ee", "ef",
        "f0", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7", "f8", "f9", "fa", "fb", "fc", "fd", "fe", "ff"
    };

    public static String byteToHex(byte b){
        return byteToHexTable[b & 0xFF];
    }

    public static String byteToHex(byte[] bytes){
        if(bytes == null) return null;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length*2);
        for(byte b : bytes) sb.append(byteToHexTable[b & 0xFF]);
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public static String byteToHex(short[] bytes){
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length*2);
        for(short b : bytes) sb.append(byteToHexTable[((byte)b) & 0xFF]);
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public static String byteToHexLowerCase(byte[] bytes){
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length*2);
        for(byte b : bytes) sb.append(byteToHexTableLowerCase[b & 0xFF]);
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public static byte[] hexToByte(String hexString) {
        if(hexString == null) return null;
        byte[] byteArray = new byte[hexString.length() / 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < hexString.length(); i += 2) {
            byteArray[i / 2] = (byte) (hexToByte(hexString.charAt(i)) * 16 + hexToByte(hexString.charAt(i+1)));
        }
        return byteArray;
    }

    public static byte hexPairToByte(char ch1, char ch2) {
        return (byte) (hexToByte(ch1) * 16 + hexToByte(ch2));
    }


}

House # 23

Here are some common options, from simple (one-way) to the complex (a large library). If you are interested in performance, see the following micro benchmarks.

Option 1: Snippet - Simple

A very simple solution is to use BigIntegerhexadecimal representation:

new BigInteger(1, someByteArray).toString(16)

Please note that since this approach to digital is not arbitrary byte strings, so it will omit leading zeros - it may be that you want, may not be what you want (for example, for a 3-byte input, 000AE3VS 0AE3). It is also very slow, and the next option is slower compared to about 100 times .

Option 2: Snippet - Advanced

This is a fully functional, and can copy and paste the snippet support Uppercase / Lowercase and byte order . It has been optimized to minimize memory complexity and improve performance, and should be compatible with all modern versions of Java (5+).

private static final char[] LOOKUP_TABLE_LOWER = new char[]{0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x61, 0x62, 0x63, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66};
private static final char[] LOOKUP_TABLE_UPPER = new char[]{0x30, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 0x34, 0x35, 0x36, 0x37, 0x38, 0x39, 0x41, 0x42, 0x43, 0x44, 0x45, 0x46};

public static String encode(byte[] byteArray, boolean upperCase, ByteOrder byteOrder) {

    // our output size will be exactly 2x byte-array length
    final char[] buffer = new char[byteArray.length * 2];

    // choose lower or uppercase lookup table
    final char[] lookup = upperCase ? LOOKUP_TABLE_UPPER : LOOKUP_TABLE_LOWER;

    int index;
    for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++) {
        // for little endian we count from last to first
        index = (byteOrder == ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN) ? i : byteArray.length - i - 1;

        // extract the upper 4 bit and look up char (0-A)
        buffer[i << 1] = lookup[(byteArray[index] >> 4) & 0xF];
        // extract the lower 4 bit and look up char (0-A)
        buffer[(i << 1) + 1] = lookup[(byteArray[index] & 0xF)];
    }
    return new String(buffer);
}

public static String encode(byte[] byteArray) {
    return encode(byteArray, false, ByteOrder.BIG_ENDIAN);
}

You can here find the complete source code has the Apache v2 license and decoder.

Option 3: Use a small optimization library: bytes-java

In dealing with on a project, I created this little tool kit for processing in Java byte. It has no external dependencies and is compatible with Java 7+. Inter alia, it comprises a very fast and well tested HEX encoder / decoder:

import at.favre.lib.bytes.Bytes;
...
Bytes.wrap(someByteArray).encodeHex()

You can Github check it on : the Java-bytes .

Option 4: Apache Commons Codec

Of course, there is a good general-purpose common codec . ( Warning Opinions front ) during the project outlined above, I analyzed the code, and was very disappointed. Many repeat unorganized code obsolete and outside codecs may only rarely and over-engineered and slow realization of popular codecs (particularly Base64) is useful. So, if you want to use it or other methods, I will make an informed decision. Anyway, if you still want to use it, see the following code fragment:

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;
...
Hex.encodeHexString(someByteArray));

Option 5: Google Guava

Typically, you have guava as dependencies. If so, please use:

import com.google.common.io.BaseEncoding;
...
BaseEncoding.base16().lowerCase().encode(someByteArray);

Option 6: Spring Security

If the Spring framework and with Spring Security to use, you can use the following:

import org.springframework.security.crypto.codec.Hex
...
new String(Hex.encode(someByteArray));

Option 7: inflatable castle

If you already use a security framework Bouncy Castle , you can use its Hexutil:

import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
...
Hex.toHexString(someByteArray);

Not really Option 8: Java 9+ Compatibility or "do not use JAXB javax / xml / bind / DatatypeConverter"

In previous Java (8 and below) version, JAXB Java code dependencies included as running. Because Java 9 and Jigsaw modular , if there is no explicit statement, your code can not access other code outside of its modules. Therefore, please pay attention to whether an exception similar to the following:

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/xml/bind/JAXBException

Runs on the JVM have Java 9+ time. If so, it switches to select any of the above will be achieved. See this issue .


Miniature benchmark

This is a simple JMH micro-benchmarks, which encode the results of different sizes byte array . These values are the number of operations per second, so the higher the better. Please note that micro-benchmarks usually do not represent real world behavior, so please Just a salt.

| Name (ops/s)         |    16 byte |    32 byte |  128 byte | 0.95 MB |
|----------------------|-----------:|-----------:|----------:|--------:|
| Opt1: BigInteger     |  2,088,514 |  1,008,357 |   133,665 |       4 |
| Opt2/3: Bytes Lib    | 20,423,170 | 16,049,841 | 6,685,522 |     825 |
| Opt4: Apache Commons | 17,503,857 | 12,382,018 | 4,319,898 |     529 |
| Opt5: Guava          | 10,177,925 |  6,937,833 | 2,094,658 |     257 |
| Opt6: Spring         | 18,704,986 | 13,643,374 | 4,904,805 |     601 |
| Opt7: BC             |  7,5016,66 |  3,674,422 | 1,077,236 |     152 |
| Opt8: JAX-B          | 13,497,736 |  8,312,834 | 2,590,940 |     346 |

Specifications: JDK 8u202, i7-7700K, Win10,24GB Ram . Please here to view the full benchmark.


House # 24

Here I found three different ways: HTTP : //www.rgagnon.com/javadetails/java-0596.html

As he pointed out, it is one of the most elegant:

static final String HEXES = "0123456789ABCDEF";
public static String getHex( byte [] raw ) {
    if ( raw == null ) {
        return null;
    }
    final StringBuilder hex = new StringBuilder( 2 * raw.length );
    for ( final byte b : raw ) {
        hex.append(HEXES.charAt((b & 0xF0) >> 4))
            .append(HEXES.charAt((b & 0x0F)));
    }
    return hex.toString();
}

House # 25

Apache Commons Codec library has a Hex class, used to perform such work.

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Hex;

String foo = "I am a string";
byte[] bytes = foo.getBytes();
System.out.println( Hex.encodeHexString( bytes ) );

House # 26

By this discussion, especially in this answer, which I currently use features:

private static final char[] HEX_ARRAY = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
    char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];
    for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {
        int v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;
        hexChars[j * 2] = HEX_ARRAY[v >>> 4];
        hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = HEX_ARRAY[v & 0x0F];
    }
    return new String(hexChars);
}

I own a small benchmark (one thousand bytes to kilobytes, gigabytes to 256 bytes) that it will be much faster than any other method, which is about half the length of the array. Compared with the answers I get from switching to Bitwise - as suggested in the discussion - an array of long time decreased by about 20%. (Editor: When I say faster than other methods, is provided in the discussion refers to the other code performance equivalent to Commons Codec, which is very similar to the code used.)

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