"Re-treatment than prevention," Your health literacy really enough?

What is health?

Each person's definition of the heart may be different. Precisely because of this, the State Health Planning Commission released the 2015 edition of health literacy 66, in a bid to improve citizens' health literacy, the ability to make public screening authoritative health information.

What is health literacy?

Health literacy refers to an individual to obtain and understand basic health information and services, and to use such information and services to make the right decisions to maintain and promote their own health capacity.

How to evaluate whether a person has health literacy?

At present, China mainly from the following three aspects to evaluate whether a person has health literacy:

1, whether basic health knowledge and ideas;

2, whether healthy lifestyles and behavior;

3, whether the basic skills to maintain and promote health.

For example, when you feel the body heat or other physical discomfort, measures the pulse and axillary temperature, seek medical assistance call 120, would go to the hospital for timely treatment, after treatment will be prescribed by a doctor, you will read the package insert these acts and life ...... are the basic way reflect citizens have health literacy.

In 2008, China launched a Chinese citizen action to promote health literacy, "Healthy Beijing 2030" Plan proposed to the 2030 public health literacy increased from 28% now to 45%. 2015 Beijing residents' health literacy was 28.0%, 13.4% more than in (24.7%) 2012. Male residents health literacy level of 26.4%, 29.7% female, 20-29 years of age, health literacy level 30-39 age group than residents of other age groups. Geographical distribution of urban residents than rural residents health literacy levels. People from high to low literacy levels are: basic health literacy skills (39.2%), basic knowledge and concepts literacy (32.1%), healthy lifestyles and behavior literacy (24.8%).

According to the current data, the residents generally low health literacy, unhealthy lifestyles still exist. "Health is one other is 0," health literacy needs "from childhood."

December 30, 2015, the National Health and Family Planning Commission issued the "Chinese citizens health literacy - basic knowledge and skills (2015 edition)" (referred to as "health literacy 66"), put forward the basic health stage urban and rural residents should have knowledge and ideas, healthy lifestyles and healthy behavior and basic skills. This healthy 66. From theory to practice, easy to understand, concise and vivid, close to the people, life, people understand at a glance, to understand on a used, one with the spirit.

Chinese citizens' health literacy 66

First, the basic knowledge and concepts

Health is not just the absence of disease or infirmity, but a good state of physical, psychological and social adaptation.

Contained in the World Health Organization (WHO) Charter prompt people's health is not just absence of disease, infirmity, it also involves physical, psychological and social adaptation in three aspects.

Everyone has to safeguard their own and others' health responsibility, a healthy lifestyle can maintain and promote their own health.

Environmental closely related to health, protect the environment and promote health.

Blood donation, self-interest to help others.

Everyone should love and help, without discrimination of disabled persons.

Regular physical examination.

Regular physical examination can understand the physical condition, early detection of problems and diseases, and to seize the best time to take timely measures.

Normotensive adult ≥90mmHg systolic and <140 mmHg, and a diastolic blood pressure ≥60mmHg <90 mmHg; axillary temperature 36 ℃ ~ 37 ℃; breathing by 16 to 20 beats / min; heart rate of 60 to 100 beats / min.

Vaccination is the most effective prevention of some infectious diseases, most economic measures, after the birth of the child should be vaccinated according to immunization program.

Vaccines are divided into two categories. A kind of vaccine, referring to the government free of charge to citizens, citizens should be subject pursuant kinds of vaccines; two types of vaccine, referring to their own expense by the citizens and by voluntary kinds of vaccines.

Inoculation and vaccination effects start time, vaccination interval, route of inoculation, vaccination dose etc. are closely related. Need to follow certain immunization program, for some reason missed vaccination as soon as possible to replant.

Before the influenza season influenza vaccination can reduce the chance of suffering from the flu or reduce the symptoms of flu.

AIDS, hepatitis B and hepatitis C through blood, sexual contact and mother to child transmission in three ways, daily life and work of the contact does not spread.

TB patients mainly through coughing, sneezing, droplets produced loud like; cough, sputum 2 weeks, blood or sputum, it is checked in time had tuberculosis.

Adhere to standard treatment, most patients can be cured of tuberculosis, and can effectively prevent TB drug resistance.

In the endemic area, should avoid contact with contaminated water; after contact with contaminated water, it shall be checked or receiving prophylactic treatment.

Domestic dog, cats should be vaccinated with rabies vaccine; people are dog, cat scratches, bites, should immediately wash the wound and injected anti-rabies immunoglobulin (or serum) and human rabies vaccine as soon as possible.

Mosquitoes, flies, mice and cockroaches spread disease.

Mosquitoes can transmit malaria, encephalitis, dengue fever and other diseases; flies can spread of cholera, dysentery, typhoid and other diseases; Mice can spread many diseases plague, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, leptospirosis; cockroaches can spread dysentery, typhoid and other diseases.

Found dead livestock to be reported, not working, do not eat dead livestock, do not eat wild animals.

Concern changes in blood pressure, control of hypertension risk factors, high blood pressure patients to learn self-health management.

Concern changes in blood sugar, control diabetes risk factors, patients with diabetes should strengthen self-health management.

Actively participate in cancer screening, early detection of cancer and precancerous lesions.

Everyone may appear as depression and anxiety, a correct understanding of depression and anxiety disorders.

Should pay attention and maintain mental health, psychological problems encountered should take the initiative to seek help.

Care for the elderly, preventing falls in older people, recognition of senile dementia.

Choose safe and effective contraceptive measures to reduce abortion, reproductive health care for women.

Health food is not medicine, the correct selection of health food products.

Health food labels and instructions must comply with the relevant national standards and requirements.

Workers to understand the hazards of jobs and working conditions that exist, abide by the rules, pay attention to personal protection, prevent occupational injuries.

Toxic and hazardous types of work in the workers the right to occupational protection.

Second, the healthy lifestyle and behavior

Healthy lifestyle including a reasonable diet, regular exercise, quit alcohol limit, psychological balance four aspects.

Maintain normal body weight, avoiding overweight and obesity.

If normal weight is available mass index (BMI) is determined. It refers to an adult of normal weight in body mass index between 18.5 ~ 23.9 kg / m2. The formula is: BMI = weight (kg) / height (m) 2.

It should be cereal-based diet, eat more vegetables, fruits and tubers, pay attention to meat and vegetables, with the thickness.

To promote consumption of milk, beans and their products every day.

Diet should be light, less oil, less salt, less sugar, qualified iodized salt.

Pay attention to water sanitation, adequate drinking water every day.

Promote the use of tap water. After the contaminated water must be purified or disinfected, can be used as drinking water.

Raw and cooked food should be stored separately and processing, raw fruits and vegetables should be washed, do not eat bad, over the shelf life of food.

Adults should daily for 6 to 10 thousand steps equivalent of physical activity is beneficial move, perseverance.

Smoking and secondhand smoke exposure can cause a variety of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases.

"Low-tar cigarettes", "herbal cigarettes" can not reduce the harm of smoking.

Quit smoking at any age can benefit, the sooner the better to quit smoking, smoking cessation smoking cessation clinic can provide professional services.

Smokers to quit sooner the better, never too late to quit smoking at any time, as long as the motivation to quit smoking and master certain skills, can do to stop smoking completely.

Quit smoking before the age of 35, the chance of heart disease caused by smoking can be reduced by 90% quit smoking before the age of 59, the likelihood of death within 15 years only half of smokers continue, even at age 60 to quit smoking, lung cancer mortality is still much that reduce.

Less drinking, not alcoholism.

Prescribed hypnotics and analgesics and other addictive drugs, prevention of drug dependence.

Say no to drugs.

Work and rest, to ensure that every day 7-8 hours of sleep.

Any life event has its inherent rhythm. The law of life, is important for health.

Attention and maintain mental health, we should take the initiative to seek help when experiencing psychological problems.

Wash hands, often bath, morning and evening brushing, mouthwash after meals, not sharing towels and toiletries.

According to the weather change and air quality, timely window ventilation to keep indoor air circulation.

Not smoking in public places, spitting, coughing, cover your nose and mouth when you sneeze.

Use sanitary latrines in rural areas, to manage the human and animal feces.

Medical science, timely treatment, prescribed treatment, rational treatment clinic results.

To timely treatment, the best time to avoid delays in treatment. To follow doctor's orders not to abuse treatment, treatment using several programs at the same time, not hearsay own medicine treatment.

Rational drug use, can not be oral intramuscular injection, intramuscular injection can not infusion, the use of antibiotics under the guidance of doctors.

Easily lead to abuse of antibiotics resistance of pathogenic microorganisms, resulting in antibiotics gradually lose their effectiveness, achieve therapeutic effect of the disease.

Wearing a helmet, wearing a seatbelt, not speeding, not drunk driving, driving without fatigue, reduce road traffic injuries.

Strengthen care and education to prevent children from approaching dangerous waters, prevention of drowning.

Winter heating attention to ventilation, to guard against gas poisoning.

The initiative to accept premarital and preconception care, pregnancy should be received at least five prenatal care and hospital delivery.

Purpose of the inspection is to understand the pregnant women during pregnancy physiological and psychological changes and fetal growth and development, prenatal care give guidance.

After the birth of a child should begin as soon as breastfeeding, complementary feeding and reasonable expiration of 6 months.

Through parent-child communication, play to promote early childhood development, psychological and behavioral developmental problems found to intervene as early as possible.

The behavior of young people at a critical period of physical and mental development, to cultivate a healthy lifestyle, the prevention of myopia, overweight and obesity, to avoid Internet addiction and premature sexual activity.

Third, the basic skills

Concerned about the health information, be able to obtain, understand, screening, application of health information.

Able to read labels and instructions of food, medicine, health care products.

Identifies common risk identification, such as high pressure, flammable, explosive, toxic, radioactive, biological safety, etc., away from the hazard.

We will measure the pulse and axillary temperature.

Pulse measuring method: the index finger, middle finger and ring finger flat on the wrist pulse at the radial artery, beats count one minute.

Axillary temperature measurement method: first thermometer knocking degrees or less 35 ℃, then mercury thermometer on the top end of the clamping armpit, the reading taken after 10 minutes.

Correctly use condoms to reduce HIV infection, the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and prevent unwanted pregnancies.

Proper storage and proper use of pesticides and other toxic substances, beware of the reach of children.

Dial 12320 when calling 120 seeking emergency medical assistance, seek health counseling services.

When the large amount of bleeding trauma occurs, it should immediately stop the bleeding, bandage; suspected fracture of the wounded do not easily move.

Experiencing breathing, cardiac arrest victim will cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Methods: precordial percussion, automatic external defibrillator chest compressions and other methods to restore the heartbeat; open airway, mouth blowing artificial respiration to restore breathing.

When rescue electric shock, to turn the power off, do not direct contact with an electric shock.

In case of fire, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel, a low posture escape; call the fire call 119.

When an earthquake occurs, the shock absorbers to choose the right way, self-help and mutual aid immediately after the earthquake.

(Chen Rui Jiankang, is based on a universal platform health education)

Author: Chen Rui Jiankang Management Co., Ltd. Shandong
link: https: //www.jianshu.com/p/2654557f9225
Source: Jane books
are copyrighted by the author. Commercial reprint please contact the author authorized, non-commercial reprint please indicate the source.

"Re-treatment than prevention," Your health literacy really enough?

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