Cloud computing has become a hot IT technology sector, and even be viewed as a fundamental change in lifestyle and business models of revolutionary technology. With cloud computing, network service providers can in one moment, information processing tens of millions or even billions of dollars, and achieve the same performance supercomputers. Cloud computing can be seen as network computing and virtualization integration: namely the use of distributed processing power grid, will build IT resources into a resource pool, plus a mature server virtualization, storage virtualization technology, users can Real-time monitoring and deployment of resources. So what are the basic principles of cloud computing? What are the core technology?
First, the concept of cloud computing
Many definitions of cloud computing, is currently widely accepted is that cloud computing is a distributed processing, parallel processing and grid computing development, or that these commercial implementations of computer science concepts. Cloud computing is a resource delivery and usage patterns, refers to resources (hardware, software, platform) to obtain the desired applications over the network. The cloud computing from the client terminal to the centralized "cloud", provided as an application to a user via the Internet, distributed computing technique accomplished by computing a plurality of computers together. Users only care about the functionality of the application, without regard to implementation of applications, application implementation and maintenance of its provider is complete, users select the appropriate application according to their needs. Cloud computing is not a tool, platform or architecture, but a way of computing.
Second, cloud computing development at home and abroad
While cloud computing conceived the idea for a long time, but in foreign countries (mainly the United States) also recently acquired the booming decade of thing. In 2003, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) invested $ 8.3 million to support proposed by seven leading US universities "Network virtualization and cloud computing VGrADS" project, which officially launched a cloud computing research and development. April 2009, Google launched Google application engine (Google App Engine) to run large-scale parallel applications. Apple is another role of cloud computing, from the recent launch of the iTunes service, the MobileMe service, the acquisition of online music service Lala, to the recent establishment of a new $ 1 billion data center in North Carolina the plan, all show it to enter the cloud computing great determination.
In recent years, domestic progress has been made in the development of cloud computing. Domestic cloud computing, although in its infancy, but the major telecommunications operators have performed very active. China Mobile launched the "big cloud" (Big Cloud) cloud computing infrastructure services platform, China Telecom withdrew from the "e cloud" cloud computing platform, China Unicom is the introduction of the "Internet cloud" platform.
Third, the principle of cloud computing
The basic principle of cloud computing is that by the calculation of the distribution of the large number of distributed computers, rather than the local computer or remote servers, corporate data centers run more like the Internet. This allows companies to switch resources to the needs of the application, needs access to computers and storage systems. Cloud computing is the common server or a personal computer connected to obtain supercomputer, also known as high performance and availability features of the computer, but at a lower cost. The emergence of cloud computing is no longer a high-performance parallel computing patents scientists and professionals, ordinary users can also enjoy the convenience of high-performance parallel computing cloud computing brings, people have the opportunity to make use of parallel computers, which greatly improve the utilization efficiency and computing resources. Cloud computing model can be simply understood as regardless of the type of service or execute information architecture services, application services provided through the Internet, so that users can use the browser, the server does not need to know where and how the inner workings.
Fourth, the core technology of cloud computing
Cloud computing system uses a number of techniques which programming model, data management, data storage technology, virtualization technology, cloud computing management platform technology is the key.
1. Programming Model
Google developed MapReduce java, Python, C ++ programming model is a simplified model of distributed programming and efficient task scheduling model, for large data sets (greater than 1TB) parallel computing. Strict programming model makes programming a cloud computing environment is simple. MapReduce model is thought to be performed problem is decomposed into Map (map) and Reduce (simplified) way to cut through the Map program irrelevant data block allocation (scheduling) to a lot of computer processing, to achieve distributed calculation results, then the result by the program Reduce aggregated output.
2. Distribution of mass data storage technology
Cloud computing system consists of a large number of servers, as well as a large number of service users, so the cloud computing system distributed storage mode data, with the redundant memory means to ensure data reliability. Data storage system in the cloud computing system is widely used Google's GFS and Hadoop development team to GFS open source implementation of HDFS.
3. Massive data management technology
Cloud computing needs, the mass distribution of data processing, analysis, and therefore, data management must be able to manage large amounts of data efficiently. Cloud data management system is mainly Google's BT (BigTable) data management and technical team to develop Hadoop open source data management module HBase.
Fifth, challenges and prospects of cloud computing
The development of cloud computing technology, this series of challenges, such as: What are the advantages of using cloud computing to complete the task can get; what policies, practices or legislation can be implemented to support or restrict the use of cloud computing; how to provide effective computing and improve storage resource utilization, and so on. In addition, cloud computing may declare a low-cost supercomputer services, once these "cloud" is used to decipher the various types of passwords, various attacks, will bring great danger to the security of user data.
Cloud computing in the future has two directions: one is to build close connection with the application of large-scale underlying infrastructure, so that the application can be extended to large scale; the other is through the construction of a new cloud computing applications. Provide a richer user experience on the Web, the first trends can be reflected from the cloud now we have to study the situation, and in the construction of cloud computing applications, many new social service networks, such as Facebook, has been reflected this trend, and in the study began to focus on how the integration of multiple business platform through cloud computing infrastructure together.
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